新G_Issue翻译及提纲（byGRE&托福考试交流群全体成员）根据密斯锅的《新G Issue题库的相似、与老G对比、三种分类及翻译的汇总表》的页码来编写
新G_Issue翻译及提纲_page 1-2页_By囧囧囧&寥落风&刘璇&加菲1（题目似老G66）
As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate.
!因为人们开始越来越倚重科技来解决问题, 人类独立思考的能力必然会退化.";
!Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree
or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.";
Issue提纲
观点：不同意，自行思考的能力是否退化是因人而异
1. 事物都有两面性，没有绝对的好也没有绝对的不好。好与坏是由人自己决定的。（阐明为什么有两面性）
2. 当人们在利用科技的过程中细心观察、仔细思考，反而会加强独立思考的能力（正面）
3. 当人们只是单纯的、不加思索的利用科技（反面）
2.（题目似老G72）
To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities.
要想了解一个社会最重要的特点, 人们必须通过研究它的主要城市. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
Issue提纲
题眼：”must”, 即：是不是必须要研究大城市，不研究行吗？
观点：必须研究大城市。定义：一个国家的最重要的特点要从经济、文化、政治三方面共同体现。
1. 大城市，比如首都，是一个国家的政治中心。（政治方面）
2. 大城市之间的经济联系紧密。（经济方面）
3. 大城市中文化多样。（文化）
所以，无论从哪方面讲都要研究大城市。
3. （35,137相同）
Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from
pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.
教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]
Issue提纲
观点：教育机构只需要告知学生各个科学研究的情况即可，然后让学生自己去选择。
1. 教育机构无法保证对于每个科学研究的成功可能性的判定都是正确的，有可能有些研究表面上是不太可能成功的，但是实际上它是可以成功的。
2. 而且不太可能成功不代表不能成功。教育机构劝阻学生不要去从事那些研究，可能在无意中就扼杀了那些研究的成功可能性。
3. 不太可能成功的研究往往是那种成功后有极大价值的、对社会发展产生极大影响的研究。
4（题目似老G185）
题目原文：
Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.
丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的
[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.]
Issue提纲（老G版本）：
1 丑闻确实会使我们以极快的速度认识一些问题，在平时，这些问题时很难暴露出来的。SARS刚刚登陆北京的时候，minister of civil health bureau隐瞒了实情，导致失去了防止的最佳时机。当这个丑闻暴露以后，人们才迅速意识到我们的emergency system of diseases多么weak 和flawed，从而迅速加以改善。而如果没有这次丑闻as well as crisis，很少会有人去刻意关注一个emergency system，更不用说那些officials 了。从这个意义上讲，scandals时有一些作用的。
2 然而，scandals很容易误导public。由于现在mass media的发达，scandals往往被wide spread并且被exaggerated，因此很多群众会过分的关注公众人物的丑闻而忽略他们的achievement。比如Bill Clinton，他sexual scandal将他的prestige降到最低，而实际上他的功劳是exceed他的mistake的，他只不过犯了一个被amplified的普通男人经常犯的错误。人无完人，我们不应该过分关注公众人物的私生活，而应该去正确评价他们的本职工作。由于人们更容易impressed by bad things，因此丑闻的出现往往会转移public的注意力，从而使忽略其他事实。从这个意义上讲，丑闻实际上起不到作者所说的作用。
3 In addition，我们实际上很多时候被耍了。很多immoral official或者stars利用scandals来获得benefits。在the general election 期间，candidates互相揭发对方的scandals，甚至编造scandals来attack对手to gain more votes; in the realm of entertainment, many actors or actress made scandals of themselves, and let themselves become the headline of newspapers and websites. The more frequent they are talked about by public, the more famous they become. 从这个意义上讲，丑闻的作用－indicated in the title statement,实际上被twisted了。我们分不清哪些丑闻是真的哪些丑闻是假的。
Issue提纲（寥落风版本）：
1. 反对者会说：“丑闻可能会降低政府的公信力”。政府的公信力不应该是通过掩盖事实，包庇犯罪来维护的。正确的维持政府的公信力需要政府运用公平、合理的方式去处理这些绯闻。
2. 反对者会说“丑闻可以揭发一些隐藏在深处的问题”。其实，其他方式同样可以做到，比如：成立的专门接受群众举报的机构、增强政府处理事务的透明度。
3. 丑闻很容易被不良分子所利用，所夸大。很多丑闻是虚构的。（克林顿、竞选时）
4. 一些丑闻不仅无价值而且侵犯他人隐私（明星丑闻）
5（题目似老G10）
题目原文：
[Claim] Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive. [Reason] It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.
结论：政府需要给社会主要城市提供财政支持，来保证其繁荣发展。原因：一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和发展。[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.] Issue提纲（老G版本）：
1、在当今的全球化时代，大城市更应当被看作是各个民族相互交
流和了解的舞台，而不是作为文明的发源地。尽管，各个民族的发源地并不相同，有的在rural area有的则在大城市，但是大城市作为经济和政治发展的中心，各个民族和文化都回汇聚于此，因此已经很难作为文明的发源地而予以保护了。In today抯process of globalization, the big cities have no longer be regarded as the breeding ground of the single form of the traditional culture, but the platform which make the different cultures possible to understand and communicated one another. For one thing, the urban area has played a much larger part in the human world.
2、相比之下，政府应当投入更多的精力和资金在rural area因为那
里交通相对落后，人们对外交流有限，所以能够保留相对完整的习俗和传统。此外，那里的经济相对不发达，政府通过资助是那里的文明作为paradigm保留下来，不光能够带动那里的经济，也能
够将本国的文化延续下去。
Rural area和城市都应当在保留文明和传统中发挥重要作用。城市是舞台，rural area是源头和保留地。欠发达地区是文化的源头，大城市是文化的大海，两者都很重要：政府要从经济中心的角度去建设大城市，而不是直接的物质援助；要从保护文化传统的角度去直接支援欠发达地区，并鼓励他们走上大舞台。
6，14,96,116.（题目似老G5）
题目原文：
A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.
在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Issue提纲（老G版本）：
1、向学生们灌输相同的价值观能够确保所有的学生都学到传统
价值观念中的优点(Introducing the unified national curriculums for all the students may have certain amount of positive effects to the entire nation. First of all, inculcating our students with the common
grounds and standards shared by all the persons in the nation can ensure all of our students be favored with the opportunity to learn all merits of the traditional values that have been created and tested for a long time by our ancestors.)
2、集中了全国最著名的学者编撰的国家统一教材能够全面和高
质量的满足学生的需要，并使得他们能够站在相同的起跑线上。(In addition, compared with the parochial curriculum which has been determined by the limited teachers in the local area, the unified national curriculum can provide the students in the different part of the nation with the equal opportunity to receive a high quality of education.)
3、但是，there are two sides for every icon.统一的国家教材也有一
些缺陷。首先，对于某些特殊民族和地区，统一的国家教材可能难以满足他们的需要，甚至可能破坏他们的传统习俗和生活方式(While, there are two sides for every icon, the unified national curriculum also pose certain amount of detrimental effects. On the first place, in some special regions where local persons may possess some kind of traditions and customs totally different from the rest of the nation, unduly emphasize the application of the national curriculum may ruin their culture and value system.)。其次，不利于教学创新(On the second place, the national curriculum also deprive the activity of the local educators to seek some innovations on the selections and determinations of the contend of the curriculum.)
4、正确的对待国家教材的态度应当是，一方面，国家教材应当专
注于基本道德观念和原理的灌输，而其他的方面，比如能力培养等应当是由地方的政府根据自身需要进行。(Overemphasizing either the national government or the parochial leaders#role towards the determinations of the national curriculum may falls into a jeopardize situations. On the one hand, the national curriculum should not cover all the aspects of the students# growth but place more focus on the fundamental value system and moral standard. On the other hand, each school should try their efforts to inculcate the practical faculty for the students according the detail position of their own.) 7，（题目似老G85）
题目原文：
Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to
ensure that the arts can flourish and be available to all people. Others
believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts..
有些人认为政府对艺术的资助是有必要的，资助能够保证艺术繁荣发展，并且让所有人享受艺术。也有人认为政府对艺术的资助会威胁到艺术的完整性。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.
Issue提纲：
观点：同意，但是政府在资助时应摆正位置，不以控制艺术为目的。
1.中世纪政教合一的情况下，许多教堂等宗教艺术在政府的支持下完成，如教堂的建设和壁画等，出现了繁荣的文艺复兴时期。
2.无经济支持的艺术家境遇十分窘迫，很多英年早逝，未能发展艺术生涯，如莫扎特。依靠个人资助的艺术家十分有限，如柴可夫斯基。政府的行为能在更大范围内使艺术繁荣。并提高公众文化修养。
3.比如在中国现代的画展，古典音乐会往往票价过高，曲高和寡，无法让大众都欣赏到，需要政府的资助和引导。
4.政府以宣传自己为目的而控制艺术的行为会极大限制艺术的发展，如中国的文革。
新G_Issue翻译及提纲_page3-4_By Allen &随你&兔兔
8. (类似N111，N149，O70)
题目原文：
[Claim] In any field$business, politics, education, government$those in power should step down after five years.
[Reason] The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.]
题目翻译：
结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。
原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。
提纲：
Partly agree.
1、Limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and abusing the power.
Absolute power leads to absolute corruption. ------Sir. Acton
A case in point is the incidence of Water Gate scandal. Nixon abused his power to spy the meeting of Democratic Party in order to maintain his
position for a longer period of time which eventually led to his resignation from the presidency and destroyed the image of government in the mind of its citizens that aroused significant distrust in the government work.
2、Limiting the term of leadership can bring new ideas and vitality to a certain enterprise.
Steve Jobs has brought Apple new products and innovative ideas.
3、Without a limit of term, the leader won't be as positive as the first severl years. If there is no supervision, the enterprise or government would probably lose the aspiration.
4、Not all the fields should establish a limiting of term. In some fields which stability and experience is needed, frequently change of leadership is not a wise decision. Maybe the field needs a long-term goal, such as Federal Reserve, a five-year term is not sufficient to achieve the goal.
9.（类似O84）
题目原文：
In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant
contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
[Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.]
题目翻译：
任何研究领域，如果不首先接受该领域中过去成就的影响，就不可能会有意义重大的成功。
提纲：
Partly agree with the statement
1、standing on Copernicus' shoulder, Galileo, a scientist who inducted experimental method into scientific researches, invented telescope, which made people learn that the earth is not the center of universe. After many years, standing on Galileo's shoulder, Newton founded the Law of Gravity, which explains the regularity of planets' motions.
Newton claimed (and I paraphrase) that: “If I have seen farther than others, that is because I stand on the shoulders of a giant.”The 'giant' he referred to is the very knowledge in the field of physics accumulated by
prior physicists, which helped him to achieve his systematic laws of physics.
2、Aristotle, a famous philosopher, was believed by public people to know everything at him time. But where the wisdom of Aristotle came from? One can readily find that Aristotle was a student of Plato and many achievements of Aristotle had direct and indirect relationship with Plato. And what is more is that the knowledge and wisdom of Plato came from Socrates, a famous Greek thinker, who was the teacher of Plato.
3、However, it is dangerous to get oneself excessively influenced by past achievements, unable to think on one's own
The term critical thinking indicates a scientific studying method of being suspicious to given information, analyzing conflict viewpoints and getting an indifferent reasonable conclusion. Actually, the often-told story of Galileo' experiment against the paradigm of Aristotle' principle is right in point.
The theory of relativity is created totally opposite to the old ideas of Newton's theory.
O84：
题目原文：
In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.
题目翻译：
如果在一开始没有受到一个研究领域以前的研究成果巨大影响，那么在这个领域的尝试不可能取得有意义的成功.
提纲：
Opinion:
Basically agree. It is unlikely that someone could come up with a new idea from on where. Past achievements in an area inspire the followers in some level. However, the importance of the past achievement is overstated. More times the first breakthrough, which start a new area, is been discovered originally without impacts from past achievements. And sometimes past achievements in one area could be negative effects even an obstacle for the progress of a field, because it limits our imagination in this area.
1)Many great discoveries in the history of science were inspired by past
achievements.
Supports:
Newton built the classical force system on the basis of prior observations and experiments. The work of Galileo and other pioneers in this area contribute to this significant achievement.
In the field of medicine, doctors usually follow the path of predecessors. Experience helps to reduce risks and necessary cost on the way to the right.
2)Some breakthroughs in a scientific field were discovered without
influence by past achievements and start a new area. Also
serendipitous discovery or invention may often take place in science history.
Supports：
Newton and Leibniz built the calculus independently without any inspiration from predecessors.
3)Past principles and ideas may limit imagination of the followers.
Supports:
People used to do their research following the routine prior people set.
However, significant achievements need innovation.
Einstein discovered the theory of relativity by throwing away some old ideas which prevent people from having a more clear
understanding of the world.
N125（类似N10，N148，O83）
题目原文：
Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.
题目翻译：
有些人认为，国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状。也有人认为，这些地区应该用作商业开发
提纲：
Position：Although protecting wilderness area is more and more important while many species facing losing their habitant and extinction. We cannot forbid developing any wilderness area simply by arbitrary decisions.
1st commercial development of some area contributes to local economy. Thus few people could rely on the industry or illegal trades which could destruct the wilderness area.
EXP: Yellow Stone Park maintains its natural state although it attracts many tourists each year. Money from developing is used to protect this area.
Second , protecting some area costs too much. By analyze the cost and benefits, if the benefits are overwhelming appropriate development should not abolished by laws.
N148
题目原文：
Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.
题目翻译：
国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状。
提纲：
Some people claim that a nation's government should preserve its wilderness areas in their natural state. Others argue that these areas should be developed for potential economic gain.
The government should preserve most of the publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state,Because:
1、most of those publicly owned wilderness areas should be kept in their natural state is for the sake of environment.
2、the government should still protect these remote wilderness areas because of its economic potential.
3, preserve those publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state could also preserve the customs and traditions of the aboriginals there.
How:
1、some of those wilderness areas could be developed for some specific purpose
2、the government could develop some of those areas is the use of them as test beds of new technology.
To sum up, Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state.they could develop some small part of these areas for the public good.
O83
题目原文：
Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people.
题目翻译：
政府应该公开的保护野生地区，使之处于自然状态。尽管这些地方比
较偏远且人际罕至。
提纲：
I agree this view. There are many reasons.
First of all, following the commercial development, a lot of land used for building shopping, so I think protect ground through government is necessary.
In addition, Government preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, in fact is a way to protect environment, at the same time through this method we have some extra place to picnic. Furthermore, Government preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state can also protect rare animals.
From what I have mention above,we can get this conculution….
11. （类似N99）
题目原文：
People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.
题目翻译：
人们的行为多是被外界力量所左右，难以被自己控制。
提纲：
1. I think People's behavior is determined by more their own making than force . People can choose their own way by what is in their mind. There is a story that (the sopiled milk ) pessimist and optimist would react quite differently, which are determined by people’s own making not froce.
2.Admittedly the force have some influnce to people's behavior .as some critics might argue ,when people face some idiosyncratic stutations their behavior more influnced by the force (the merchants who hunt for their profits that is humans nature ,that is hardly influnced by force )
3.However, in these cases, it is still people’s own making that determined what they last behavior . Facing the same satuation people can make their own different choices to do what they think right by their own making(people that forsake their own profits for others)
4. in conclusion people's behavior would be some how influnced by force ,but it still determined by their own making.
12.（类似N25，O53）
题目原文：
Governments should offer a free university education to any student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.
题目翻译：
对任何被大学录取但无法承担学费的学生，政府应该为他们提供免费大学教育。