当前位置:文档之家› 【全国校级联考】天津市部分区县2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题(解析版)

【全国校级联考】天津市部分区县2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题(解析版)

【全国校级联考】天津市部分区县2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题(解析版)
【全国校级联考】天津市部分区县2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题(解析版)

天津市部分区县2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试物理试题

一、单项选择题

1. 如图所示,空间内存在水平向右的匀强磁场,闭合导线框与磁场平行,下列情形中线框内产生感应电流的是()

A. 线框向右平移

B. 线框向上平移

C. 线框以边为轴转动

D. 线框以边为轴转动

【答案】C

【解析】A、线框向右平移,磁通量不变,故无感应电流,故A错误;

B. 线框向上平移,磁通量不变,故无感应电流,故B错误;

C. 线框以ab边为轴转动,磁通量不断变化,有感应电流,故C正确;

D. 线框以bc边为轴转动,磁通量不变,故无感应电流,故D错误;

故选C。

【点睛】要使线圈中产生感应电流,则穿过线圈的磁通量要发生变化,回路要闭合。

2. 如图所示,振子在之间做简谐运动,是平衡位置,是的中点。已知振子经向右第一次运动到所用的时间为,经向右第一次运动到所用的时间为,以下说法正确的是()

A. B. C. D. 周期为

【答案】B

【解析】根据振子远离平衡位置时速度减小,靠近平衡位置时速度增大可知,振子第一次从平衡位置运动

到处的平均速度大于第一次从处到最大正位移处运动的平均速度,而路程相等,则有,故B正确,A、C、D错误;

故选B。

【点睛】做简谐运动的弹簧振子做变加速运动,振子远离平衡位置时速度减小,相反靠近平衡位置时速度增大,根据振子的运动情况分析确定时间关系。

3. 一单摆静止于平衡位置,现使摆球分别获得水平初速在竖直平面内做小角度摆动,两次的周期与振幅分别为和,则()

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】A

【解析】根据单摆周期公式,相同的单摆,周期相同,即,根据机械能守恒得,速度大者摆角大,则振幅也大,所以,故A正确,B、C、D错误;

故选A。

【点睛】改变摆球的初速度,根据机械能守恒,会改变单摆的摆角,从而改变振幅,但不会改变单摆的周期。

4. 一列简谐横波沿轴正向传播,某时刻的波形如图,为介质中一质点,此时刻质点的运动方向为()

A. 轴正向

B. 轴负向

C. 轴正向

D. 轴负向

【答案】D

【解析】根据波形平移法可知,将波向右微微平移,由图可知,P点应向向下运动,即沿y轴的负方向,故D正确,A、B、C错误;

故选D。

【点睛】简谐波沿x轴正向传播,将波形微微平移,可以分析P点的振动方向。

5. 一束单色光照射到空气与水的界面,下列光路可能发生的是()

A. B. C. D.

【答案】C

【解析】AD、光线从空气折射到水中时,折射角应小于入射角,故A、D错误;

B、当入射角小于临界角时,光线在平直面上既发生反射,又发生折射,光线从水折射到空气中时,折射角应大于入射角,折射光线与入射光线分居在法线两侧,故B错误;

C、若入射角大于等于临界角,则光线在平直面上发生全反射,没有折射光线,故C正确;

故选C。

【点睛】若入射角大于等于临界角,则光线发生全反射,只有反射光线没有折射光线.若入射角小于临界角,则光线在平直面上既发生反射,又发生折射.折射时,折射角大于入射角。

6. 某单色光从真空射入玻璃,它的()

A. 频率变小,波长变长

B. 频率变小,波长变短

C. 频率不变,波长变长

D. 频率不变,波长变短

【答案】D

【解析】光的频率由光源决定,因此光一旦形成,频率不再改变,光在不同介质中传播时,光速发生变化,波长也发生变化;当光从真空射入玻璃时,光速v变慢,频率f不变,由知,波长变短,故D正确,A、B、C 错误;

故选D。

7. 远距离高压输电中,在输电功率、输电线电阻一定的情况下,输电线上损耗的电功率()

A. 与输电电压成正比

B. 与输电电压成反比

C. 与输电电压的平方成正比

D. 与输电电压的平方成反比

【答案】D

【解析】由知,则,在输电功率、输电线电阻一定的情况下,知输电线上损失的电功率与电压的平方成反比,故A、B、C错误,D正确;

故选D。

【点睛】根据输送功率P=UI求出输电电流,再根据可得出输电线上损失的电功率与什么有关。8. 普通的交流电压表不能直接接在高压输电线路上测量电压,通常要通过电压互感器来连接。图中电压互

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