南京师范大学2009学年第一学期
社会发展学院博物馆专业二年级《考古学原理》课
程期期末试卷
班 级： 任课教师： 汤惠生 学 号： 姓 名：
Part 1: IDENTIFICATION/ CHOICE. Put the number of the correct answer (from answer sheet) in the blank space for each question (3 points each).
1. ____: based on the principle that d irt doesn’t float, but carbonized plant remains do , archaeologists use fluid suspension to recover burned plant remains and bone fragments.
2. Biological anthropology, or physical anthropology is a branch of anthropology that includes three programs: human origin, human evolution, and _____.
3. Archaeology is detective work, with its own specialized techniques, piecing together what happened in the past based on not only the _____, but also their relationships and contexts.
4. _____ brought together Structuralism, Neo-Marxism, and Feminism to generate theories and test models.
5. Aerial survey, or aerial reconnaissance involves the use of various types of aircraft or satellite to create images of the land conventionally provided by shadow sites cropmarks and _____.
6. Provided a site ’s placement were recorded in documentary sources, part of local knowledge, or they were simply visible in the landscape, _____ sampling strategy would be suggested to conduct.
7. Theory that seeks to answer large “why ” question. You may use _____ theory to
专业： 博物馆学 班级： 学号： 姓名：
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answer some big questions such as why did we humans become cultural animals?
8. Subsurface testing methods are generally used alongside surface surveys to locate subsurface features. The simplest of these methods involve physically digging holes, bringing dirt to the surface, and inspecting it for artifacts. That is why we also call it as ____.
9. Danish scientist Nicolas Steno inferred from observation of fossil shark’s teeth, that the matrix holding the teeth had to be of less age than the teeth themselves. This was late sum up as_____.
10.____ has been widely used in Roman military archaeology by Ian Richmond, who produced overall plans of many forts and fortresses in northern Britain.
11.
Fig. ___ shows a stratigraphic relationship: an SU is earlier than an SU or that an SU is later than an SU.
.
12.Middle-level (or middle-range) theory usually turns to experimental archaeology, ____, and taphonomy.
13.An early excavation method focusing on vertical sections was the ____. Used on large sites, the whole area would be exposed with intact lines of earth left in place between squares of excavated areas.
14. ____ generally refers to a site
formation processes made by
earthquakes or rodent burrowing or
vegetation growth or normal decay.
15. Excavation according to the right
column (A, B, C, D. See the fig. right)
is conventionally called as excavation
by ____.
16.Change explained by diffusion is
usually attribute to the product of ____.
17.The principle of ____ states that any archaeological layer deposited in an unconsolidated form will tend towards a horizontal disposition. Strata which are found with tilted surfaces were so originally deposited, or lie in conformity with the contours of a pre-existing basin of deposition.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0712115304.html,paring with the former, ____ focused more on people than on just material culture, and on generalities rather than particulars.
19.A relative dating method which relies principally on measuring changes in the proportional abundance, or frequency, observed among finds is known as _____.
20.______ is a way of gaining information about a site by non invasive means. Answer sheet (No answer could be used more than once)
1.A
2.archaeological surveying
3.augering
4.B
5.behavioral archaeology
6.cultural history
7.cultural levels
8.C- transforms
9.descriptive archaeology
10.ethnics
11.ethnoarchaeology
12.evolutionary typology
13.excavation
14.flotation:
15.high-level
16.horizontal excavation
17.human diffusion
18.human morphology
19.judgmental
20.keyhole excavation
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0712115304.html,rge-Scale open area excavation
22.literary remains
23.low-level
24.material remains
25.natural levels
26.N-transforms
27.original horizontality
28.post-processualism
29.post- processualism
30.processualism
31.seriation
32.shovel testing
33.sifting
34.soilmarks
35.stonemarks
36.stratigraphic succession
37.systematic
38.the law of original continuity
39.the law of superposition.
40.Wheeler Box Grid System.
Part 2 (using Harris’ matrix diagram to exhibit the section below, 20 points):
Part 3: Seriation (20 points)
There are 7 undated sites in Maryland. Archaeologists have already identified the ceramic popularity peaks for these sites. This group of sites can be placed in achronological sequence using the seriation dating method. Your task is to:
1) scan the data chart below
2) determine the chronological sequence for these sites, use the information from the data chart to construct another chart that shows the chronological sequence for the seven sites, use the blank chart provided to complete the activity.
Data Chart:
This chart identifies the frequency of ceramic types for seven Maryland sites: