语法专题：介词用法精讲精练
一、介词：英文缩写是prep.是英文preposition的缩写。介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成：（1）用英语（in English）；（2）用小刀（with a knife）；（3）用手工（by hand）；（4）用墨水（in ink）等。所以，千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法，其实介词的用法非常广泛，搭配能力很强，越是常用的介词，其含义越多。
二、介词是一个比较容易掌握的语法项目，通常会在单行选择题，完形填空或看图短文填空等题中出现。他们没有太大的规律，常与名词、动词及形容词等一起构成短语。以下是五年来中考介词部分的分值及考查内容。
年份题型分值考查内容
2007
单项填空 1 With 完形填空 1 at last 看图短文填空\ \
2008
单项填空 1 in 完形填空\ \ 看图短文填空\ \
2009
单项填空 1 of 完形填空\ \ 看图短文填空\ \
2010
单项填空 1 at, on
完形填空\ \
看图短文填空 1.5 beside/near
2011
单项填空 1 for 完形填空 1 from 看图短文填空\ \
三、命题方向
1、介词是英语中非常重要的词类，也是中考试题经常考查的项目之一。
2、各地的中考试题倾向于同义介词之间的区分，介词短语的用法以及某些固定介词搭配的使用情况。
四、备考建议
1、熟练掌握介词的分类和用法。
2、重点掌握初中阶段介词与动词、名词及形容词构成的词组。
五、介词讲解和练习。
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to，for
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在……上面”。
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到……”
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
4)in front of, in the front of在……前面
in front of…意思是“在……前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在……的后面）。
There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)
in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…（在……范围内的后部）。
There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里)
5）beside，behind
beside 表示在……旁边
behind 表示在……后面
2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on，at 在……时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如in the 20th century, i n the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties 等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Y ear’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。since表示"自（某具体时间）以来"，常用作完成时态谓语
的时间状语。
since liberation（1980）自从解放（1980年）以来They have been close friends since childhood．
他们从小就是好朋友。（1）since the war是指"自从战争结束以来"，若指"自从战争开始以来"，须说"since the beginning of the war"。
（2）不要将since与after混淆。
比较：He has worked here since 1965．（指一段时间，强调时间段）自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。
He began to work here after 1965．
（指一点时间，强调时间点）从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。
4)after, behind在……之后
after主要用于表示时间；
behind主要用于表示位置。
时间名词前介词用法口诀
年前周前要用in
具体日子要用on
遇到几号也用on
上午下午得是in
要说某日上下午
用on换in记清楚
午夜黄昏用at
黎明用它也不错
at用在时分前
说“差”可要用上to
说"过''要用past
3.表示运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关，为二维
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关，为三维。如：
The dog helped the blind man walk across the road.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
表示“在……之间”的介词在英语中属于方位介词，如in front of ，behind ，on，in，near，under，up between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用…工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内；
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except for Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
6、over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。on至两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个上面。如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
7、between与among的区别
between常指“在两者之间”，常构成短语between……and……；among常指“在三者之间或三者以上”。如：The library is between the post office and the bank.
The teacher stands among the boys.
8、in，with，by表示“用”时的区别
in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等”，with表示“用具体有形的东西”，by表示“用……手段或方式”。如：Please answer my question in English.
We write with pens.
The girl made money by selling flowers.
9、except与besides的区别
except指从整体中排除，意为“把……除外”，常与表示完全肯定或完全否定的词连用。besides指“除……之外，还有”，常与also，other，another等连用。如：
They all went to the park except Tom.
Five other students were late for class besides Tom.
常见搭配
1．动词+介词，如：
listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about ...
2．形容词+介词，如：be afraid of, be full of, be angry with, be strict with, be busy with, be good at, be good/bad for, be late for, be sorry for, be ready for, be famous for, be polite to,
be far from... be close to
3．名词+介词/ 介词+名词
the key to, the visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, in time at last,
at first, for example...
三.巩固练习
I.用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空用适当的介词填空。
1 .I’m sorry I can’t say it ______Chinese.
2 .Do you usually go to school ______bike?
3 .Look, the farmer is carrying apples _____ a truck.
4 .Is anyone _____ home?
5 .Please look ______my bird when I’m away.
6 .Are Jim and Li Lei ______ the same class?
7 .There is a hole ______ the wall.
8. _______ the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim .
9 .There are a few leaves _______the tree.
10 .The girl ______ the red coat is my sister.
11 .Could you give an orange ______ me?
12 .It’s time to go ______bed.
13 .I can see a bottle ______ orange.
14 .Put the basket _______ there.
15 .What’s wrong ______ your watch?
16 .One ______ the students is in the classroom.
17 .I think the shop is closed ______ this time of day.
18 .My father teaches English _______ a school.
19 .We have lunch _______ the middle of the day.
20 .You can buy some school things ______ your way home.
21 .I was born _______ July 1st, 1982 .
22 .May I borrow a pencil _____ you?
23 .Don’t sleep ____ the open air.
24 .I often help my mother ______ the housework.
25 .It’s time ____ school.
26 .I have quite a lot _____homework to do.
27 .What’s the time ? It’s half _____ five.
28 .Ducks are good ______ swimming.
29 .What are you talking _______?
30 .He is sitting _____ the front of the car.
31 .The eraser was passed _____ one student _____ another.
32 .Did you live _____Beijing in 1997?
33 .When did you arrive _____ the village?
34 .I think Mary is _____ duty today.
35 .Eating too much isn’t good ______ your health.
36 .I’m afraid he is _____ the cinema _____ the moment.
37 .Thanks _____ asking me to your party.
38 .My watch is very different ______ yours.
39 .What’s the weather ______ today?
40 .The student is asking his teacher ______the sports meeting.
II.选择填空选择填空选择填空选择填空。
( )41. ______ the money, she bought a new coat ______ her father. A. With, for B. With, to C. For, with D. To, with ( )42. The beautiful bottle was made ______ glass.
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. by
( )43. This is a map_______China.
A. in
B. at
C. of
D. on
( )44. A group______ boys and girls are dancing in the park.
A. with
B. of
C. for
D. to
( )45. Tom always comes late_______school.
A. at
B. inside
C. to
D. for
( )46. Mr. Smith caught hold______ Bob and said, "This is a good lesson_______ you.
A. of, for
B. for, of
C. of, of
D. for; for
( )47. The shop______ clothes is _______the right side_______ the street.
A. of, at, beside
B. for, on, at
C. for, on, of
D. of, in, of
( )48 .It’s hot ____summer in Beijing .
A .by
B .on
C .at
D .in
( )49 .China is famous ______ her Great Wall .
A .as
B .for
C .to
D .of
( )50 .These knives are made ______metal and wood .
A .from
B .of
C .by
D .in
( )51 .My father returned at 10 o’clock _______of June 15.
A .in the night
B .by the night
C .on the night
D .at night
( )52 ._______your help, we finished the work on time.
A .Thanks
B .Thanks of
C .Thank for
D .Thanks to
( )53. China built a Great Wall ______the northern part ______the country.
A. to, in
B. across, of
C. across, on
D. at, of
( )54. He often mistakes me ______my brother.
A .to
B .as
C .for
D .with
( )55. The woman _______a red dress is my aunt.
A .in
B .at
C .of
D .on
( )56. I remember Susan left ______a very cold morning of January.
A .in
B .on
C .at
D .from
( )57. Thank you very much _______lending the eraser ______me.
A. for, at
B. to, to
C. for, to
D. to, for
( )58. Don’t tell anybody about it .Keep it _______you and me.
A .among
B .between
C .in
D .with
( )59. I enjoy reading, but I can’t _______much time ______it.
A. spend, on
B. pay, in
C. take, in
D. cost, on
( )60. No one can stop her ______leaving for Shanghai.
A .of
B .from
C .to
D .for
参考答案
介词 1 .in 2 .by 3 .with 4 .at 5 .after 6 .in 7 .in 8 .At 9 .on 10 .in 11 .to 12 .to 13 .of 14 .over 15 .With 16 .of 17 .at 18 .in 19 .in 20 .on 21 .on 22 .from 23 .in 24 .with 25 .for 26 .of 27 .past 28 .at 29 .about 30 .in 31 .from ,to 32 .in 33 .at 34 .on 35 .for 36 .at ,at 37 .for 38 .from 39 .like 40 .about 41-45 ACCBC 46-50 ACDBB 51-55 CDBCA 56-60 BCBAB
看似相同，但意义有别的词组
英语中有一些介词词组和动词词组，它们从形式上看似乎基本相同，但在意义上却截然不同。要是我们在记忆上对这类词组不加以重视，使用时就很容易望文生义，甚至张冠李戴。为此，把这类词组归纳如下：
(1) at table在进餐at the table在桌子旁（=beside the desk）
(2) at desk在读书或做作业at the desk在书桌旁
(3) at school在校上学（指学生）at the school在学校（指教职工）
(4) in front of the bus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）
in the front of the bus在公共汽车的前部（在车上）
(5) at sea在航海中at the sea在海边
(6) by day白天by the day按日，论日
(7) behind time误期behind the time落后于时代
(8) in class在上课，在课内in the class在这个班
(9) in bed 卧床，在睡觉in the bed在床上
(10) in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱
(11) in red穿着红色的衣服in the red负债，亏损
(12) in hospital住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院
(13) in office在办公，执政in the office在办公室
(14) in secret秘密，私下in the secret参入秘密，参入阴谋
(15) in place of 代替，而不是in the place of在……地方
(16) in case of万一，如果in the case of就……来说，至于
(17) of age成年人of an age同龄人
(18) out of office离职out of the office离开办公室
(19) out of prison（因犯罪）出狱out of the prison（因事）从监狱出来
(20) out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能，办不到
2）.含有介词的动词词组
(1) come out of hospital（病好）出院come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来
(2) come out of prison（刑满）释放come out of the prison（因事）从监狱里出来
(3) go to school去上学go to the school（因事）去学校
(4) go to college上大学go to the/a college去一所学校（办事）
(5) go to bed上床睡觉go to the bed去床边
(6) go to hospital去住院go to the hospital（因事）去医院
(7) go to prison去坐牢go to the prison（因事）去监狱
(8) go to sea当海员go to the sea去海边
(9) go to court起诉go to the court（因事）去法庭
(10) go to church做礼拜go to the church（因事）去教堂
(11) keep house管理家务keep the house守在家里
(12) take place发生take the place代替
3）.有无冠词，意义无多大区别的介词词组
(1)at(the)most至多
(2)at(the)first起初
(3)all(the)day 整天
(4)catch(a)cold感冒
(5)in(the)future 将来
(6)in(the)memory of纪念
(7)go to(the)office 上班，去办公室 (8)go to(the)market 赶集，去市场 (9)on(a)holiday 在度假
(10)(the)day before yesterday 前天 (11)(the)most of 大多数
(12)with(a)smiling face 面带微笑
初中介词搭配
1)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后
3)at first 起先，首先 4)at the age of… 在……岁时 5)at the end of… 在……之末 6)at the beginning of… 在……之初 7)at the foot of… 在……脚下 8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with one's help 在某人的帮助下， 由于某人的帮助
11)with the help of … 在……的帮助下 12)with a smile 面带笑容
13)with one's own eyes 亲眼看见 14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 远离
19)from morning till night 从早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 顺便说
25)by the window 在窗边
26)by the end of… 到……底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 28)in all 总共 29)in fact 事实上
30)in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙
32)in the middle of 在……中间 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34)in time (on time) 及时 35)in public 公众，公开地 36)in order to 为了…… 37)in front of 在……前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后，终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 当然 43)a bit (of) 有一点儿 44)a lot of 许多
45)a little 一点儿
46)on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
47)on foot 步行，走路 48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52)on the other side of 在……另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54)to one's joy 使……高兴的是 55)to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是
介词与动词搭配 arrive in ／at 到达 ask for 要，请求
do well in 在……方面做得好 give in 投降 go on 继续
hear from 收到……来信 hear of 听说
help's B.with sth.帮助……做 laugh at 嘲笑
learn from 向……学习
leave for离开一地去另一地talk to与……谈话
go in for从事，致力于
put up穿上，挂上
take down拿下，取了
look at（有意识地）看speak to对某人说
send for派人去请
shout at大声叫喊，吼叫take away拿走，带走think of考虑，关心turninto把……变成wait for等候，等待
take off脱下，起飞
turn on／off打开（关上）listen to听
look after照顾，照看look for寻找
look like 看上去像
get to 到达
point to 指着……
fill with充满，装满believe in信任
begin with以……开始
deal／do with处置，对待meet with偶尔遇见，遭遇pass on传递belong to属于depend on依靠，依赖write to写信给……
call on号召，访问，邀请die of死于……
look out向四下看，到处看smile at向……微笑
【语法过关】
1.China lies______ the east of Asia and______ the north of Australia,
A. to; to
B. in; to C to; in D. in; on
2.His son suddenly returned________ a cold rainy night.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. for
3.Timmy goes to school __________ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus
B. by plane
C. on foot
D. by boat
4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet ________ because of SARS.
A. on the playground
B. at home
C. in the street
D. near the hospital
5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __________ a camera.
A. as
B. for
C. like
D. of
6. Some shops open_______ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays.
A. at
B. between
C. from
D. about
7. --- How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
--- I'm going there ________ my car.
A. by
B. in
C. to
D. on
8．Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ____an inch.
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. from
9．The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. at
10．They had a pleasant chat ____a cup of coffee.(北京)
A. for
B. with
C. during
D. over
【参考答案】
1.B 表示在一个大的范围内用"in"，范围之外用"to"。
2.A具体到某一天的时间用"on"。
3.C 5 minutes' walk决定去学校的方式是on foot。
4.B 语境中"by Internet"和"because of SARS"决定了"have their lessons --- at home "。
5.C like在这里意思是"像------"。
6. B between 后接两个并列的成分，意思是"在两者之间"。
7. B in my car = by car。
8．A。与数量连用可表示尺寸、距离等。依句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离上尉一英寸的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。故应选A。
9．C。what引导的从句作谓语have taken的宾语，而从句中的基本结构为“there is little of…”, 表示“……有很少”what 修饰little提到了从句句首。正确答案为C。
10．D．用作介词表示时间时，可作“在（做）……时（while doing, eating, etc）”。故正确答案为。其句意为：他们在喝咖啡时进行了一次愉快的谈话。
英语常用介词用法练习题
1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre ________ 6:30 pm at the latest.
A. after
B. around
C. until
D. by
2. They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.
A. in honor of
B. instead of
C. in favor of
D. by means of
3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.
A. but to read
B. but read
C. besides reading
D. except to read
4. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.
A. in any case
B. in case
C. in no case
D. in that case
5. — ________ did the professor give you much advice? — The choice of a career.
A. On what
B. In what
C. What
D. For what
6. I made coat ________ my own hands. It was made ________ hand not with a machine.
A. in; in
B. in; with
C. with; by
D. with; with
7. He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom running ________ the right.
A. down; and; on
B. against; with; on
C. for; with; in
D. with; while; to
8. Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.
A. among
B. between
C. from
D. in
9. The young singer is quite popular ________ the public. She’s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.
A. with; to
B. to; for
C. with; for
D. for; to
10. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are singing ________ the trees.
A. in; on
B. at; in
C. on; in
D. with; through
11. That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.
A. about; about
B. about; with
C. with; about
12. The weather this month has been good ________ .
A. on the whole
B. generally speaking
C. above all
D. on one hand
13. We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good ones ________ the bad ones.
A. from; by
B. into; from
C. into; into
D. from; into
14. They said the building would be completed ________ a year.
A. after
B. for
C. in
D. about
15. — These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.
—Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. by
1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。
2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d11495331.html,)。
3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除…之外”的意思，但没有”，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除…之外，还”的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, but 是“除…之外，o的任何形式，不定式省略to。
4. B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。
5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于…的建议”应用介词on。
6. C。by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer.
7. B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。
8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between.
9. C。词组be popular with意为“受…欢迎”，for“就…而论，比较…而言”。
10. C。介词on意为“在…之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在……之内/ 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。
11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。
12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的”。
13. B。divide…into和separate…from都有“把……分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。
14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。
15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。