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常见化学专业词汇英文翻译

常见化学专业词汇英文翻译
常见化学专业词汇英文翻译

常见化学专业词汇英文翻译

作者:佚名双语教学来源:本站原创点击数:128 更新时间:2007-8-21

1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程

2. Partial Pressures 分压

3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离

4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程

5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境

6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数

7. Process 过程

8. Phase 相

9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律

10. Heat and Work 热与功

11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程

12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热

13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律

14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓

15. Reaction Rates 反应速率

16. Reaction Order 反应级数

17. Rate Constants 速率常数

18. Activation Energy 活化能

19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程

20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理

21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂

22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂

23. Enzymes 酶

24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数

25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向

26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理

27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts

i. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响

28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程

29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)

30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律

31. Entropy Changes 熵变

32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变

33. Acid-Bases 酸碱

34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解

35. The Proton in Water 水合质子

36. The pH Scales pH值

37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱

38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应

39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对

40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度

41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱

42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解

43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液

44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应

45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量

46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成

47. Solubility 溶解度

48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数

49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离

50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀

51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应

52. Oxidation Number 氧化数

53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平

54. Half-Reaction 半反应

55. Galvani Cell 原电池

56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池

57. Cell EMF 电池电动势

58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势

59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂

60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程

61. Electrolysis 电解

62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性

63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型

64. Line Spectra 线光谱

65. Quantum Numbers 量子数

66. Electron Spin 电子自旋

67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道

68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道

69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子

70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量

71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理

72. Electron Configurations 电子构型

73. The Periodic Table 周期表

74. Row 行

75. Group 族

76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数

77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律

78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径

79. Ionization Energy 电离能

80. Electronegativity 电负性

81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷

82. Electron Affinities 亲电性

83. Metals 金属

84. Nonmetals 非金属

85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论

86. Covalence Bond 共价键

87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠

88. Multiple Bonds 重键

89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道

90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论

91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型

92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道

93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子

94. Bond Length 键长

95. Bond Order 键级

96. Bond Angles 键角

97. Bond Enthalpies 键能

98. Bond Polarity 键矩

99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩

100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子

101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子

102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构

103. Non-Crystal 非晶体

104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积

105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体

106. Metallic Bond 金属键

107. Alloys 合金

108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体

109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力

110. Molecular Forces 分子间力

111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力

112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键

113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体

114. Compounds 化合物

115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型

117. Chelates 螯合物

118. Isomerism 异构现象

119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构

120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构

121. Magnetism 磁性

122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布

123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物

124. General Characteristics 共性

125. s-Block Elements s区元素

126. Alkali Metals 碱金属

127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属

128. Hydrides 氢化物

129. Oxides 氧化物

130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物

131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物

132. Salts 盐

133. p-Block Elements p区元素

134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷

136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳

138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物

139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备

140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐

141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸

143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷

144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢

146. Sulfides 硫化物

147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)

148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物

149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体

150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物

151. d-Block elements d区元素

152. Transition Metals 过渡金属

153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾

154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾

155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞

156. f-Block Elements f区元素

157. Lanthanides 镧系元素

158. Radioactivity 放射性

159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学

160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变

161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变

162. analytical chemistry 分析化学

163. qualitative analysis 定性分析

164. quantitative analysis 定量分析

165. chemical analysis 化学分析

166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析

167. titrimetry 滴定分析

168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法

169. regent 试剂

170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析

171. product 产物

172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析

173. on-line analysis 在线分析

174. macro analysis 常量分析

175. characteristic 表征

176. micro analysis 微量分析

177. deformation analysis 形态分析

178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析

179. systematical error 系统误差

180. routine analysis 常规分析

181. random error 偶然误差

182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析

183. gross error 过失误差

184. normal distribution 正态分布

185. accuracy 准确度

186. deviation 偏差

187. precision 精密度

188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)

190. confidence level 置信水平

191. confidence interval 置信区间

192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字

194. standard solution 标准溶液

195. titration 滴定

196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点

197. end point 滴定终点

198. titration error 滴定误差

199. primary standard 基准物质

200. amount of substance 物质的量

201. standardization 标定

202. chemical reaction 化学反应

203. concentration 浓度

204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡

205. titer 滴定度

206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法

209. dissociation constant 解离常数

210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸

212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子

213. electrolyte 电解质

214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离

216. proton condition 质子平衡

217. zero level 零水准

218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液

219. methyl orange 甲基橙

220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂

221. phenolphthalein 酚酞

222. coordination compound 配位化合物

223. center ion 中心离子

224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数

226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体

228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子

231. coordination number 配位数

232. lone pair electron 孤对电子

233. chelate compound 螯合物

234. metal indicator 金属指示剂

235. chelating agent 螯合剂

236. masking 掩蔽

237. demasking 解蔽

238. electron 电子

239. catalysis 催化

240. oxidation 氧化

241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原

243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能

247. redox couple 氧化还原电对

248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾

249. iodimetry 碘量法

250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾

251. cerimetry 铈量法

252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示

253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)

254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)

255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)

256. precipitation 沉淀反应

257. argentimetry 银量法

258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化

260. postprecipitation 继沉淀

261. coprecipitation 共沉淀

262. ignition 灼烧

263. fitration 过滤

264. decantation 倾泻法

265. chemical factor 化学因数

266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法

267. colorimetry 比色分析

268. transmittance 透光率

269. absorptivity 吸光率

270. calibration curve 校正曲线

271. standard curve 标准曲线

272. monochromator 单色器

273. source 光源

274. wavelength dispersion 色散

275. absorption cell 吸收池

276. detector 检测系统

277. bathochromic shift 红移

278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数

279. hypochromic shift 紫移

280. acetylene 乙炔

281. ethylene 乙烯

282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂

283. acetic acid 乙酸

284. adiethyl ether 乙醚

285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇

286. acetaldehtde 乙醛

287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物

288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应

289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物

291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论

292. chiral molecule 手性分子

293. tautomerism 互变异构现象

294. reaction mechanism 反应历程

295. chemical shift 化学位移

296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n

297. Enantiomorph 对映体

298. addition rea ction 加成反应

299. dextro- 右旋

300. levo- 左旋

301. stereochemistry 立体化学

302. stereo isomer 立体异构体

303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂

304. covalent bond 共价键

305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃

306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键

307. conjugated system 共轭体系

308. conjugated effect 共轭效应

309. isomer 同分异构体

310. isomerism 同分异构现象

311. organic chemistry 有机化学

312. hybridization 杂化

313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道

314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物

315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t

316. valence bond theory 价键理论

317. sequence rule 次序规则

318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基

319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则

320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验

321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱

322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应

323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃

324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应

325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e

326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式

327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物

328. aromatic character 芳香性r

329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应

330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排

331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应

332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原

333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应

334. positional isomers 位置异构体

335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应

336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯

338. functional grou 官能团p

339. configuration 构型

340. conformation 构象

341. confomational isome 构象异构体

342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成

343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂

344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成

345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂

346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应

347. active intermediate 活性中间体

348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则

349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构

350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t

351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂

352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用

353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物

354. elimination reaction 消除反应

355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂

356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振

357. alkene 烯烃

358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子

359. leaving group 离去基团

360. optical activity 旋光性

361. boat confomation 船型构象

362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应

363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式

364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式

365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮

367. carboxylic acid 羧酸

368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物

369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应

370. bond oength 键长

371. bond energy 键能

372. bond angle 键角

373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物

374. carbocation 碳正离子

375. carbanion 碳负离子

376. alcohol 醇

377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则

378. Aldehyde 醛

379. Ether 醚

380. Polymer 聚合物

化学专业英语(修订版)翻译

01 THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01 元素和元素周期表 The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z. 质子的数量在一个原子的核被称为原子序数,或质子数、周淑金、电子的数量在一个电中性原子也等于原子序数松山机场的总质量的原子做出很近的总数的质子和中子在它的核心。这个总数被称为大量胡逸舟、中子的数量在一个原子,中子数,给出了a - z的数量。 The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. T o the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example: 这个术语是指元素,一个纯物质与原子组成一个单一的善良。在药房“客气”原子的原子数来确定它,因为它的性质是决定其化学行为。目前所有原子和Z = 1 a到Z = 107是知道的;有107种化学元素。每一种化学元素起了一个名字和独特的象征。对于大多数元素都仅仅是一个象征的英文名称缩写形式,一个或两个字母组成,例如: oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg

应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇

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第一、按照法律的原意,理解法律英语 中国法律理论与普通法有很大不同,加之中国的法律有待更进一步完善,因此,有一部分英文的法律名词和术语,很难在中文里找到与此相对应的确切的词汇。如"unjust enrichment"可直译为“不当得利”,但其法律含义却比《民法通则》中的“不当得利”宽泛得多,不但包含了《民法通则》中的92条“不当得利”、93条“无因管理”的情况,而且还有违反信托义务(fiduciary duty)和侵犯他人知识产权所取得的利益。另外,agreement 和contract,可以翻译为“协议”和“合同”,在中国法律中,似乎没有什么区别。但是,根据普通法规定,有要约和承诺,便是一个agreement,而agreement只有在采取书面形式(deed)或有对价(consideration)支持的情况下,才能成为contract,具有法律效力。这样的例子,不胜枚举。所以,一定要按照法律的原意,理解英文。不可望文生义,生搬硬套。 第二、遵循法律的学习规律,学习法律英语 中国法律英语的学习者,难以深入的一个重要原因,就是没有按照这一规律,按部就班地学习法律,在一些基本概念和分类都没有搞清楚的情况下,就开始盲目自修。与任何学问和手艺一样,法律有其自身的由浅入深、从易到难的学习规律。英美法学院均设有核心课程(core subjects),学生必须先行完成核心课程,才可以修其他法律部类。我个人认为,“开卷有益”不适合法律英语的学习。只有当掌握了法律基础之后,才是开卷有益,否则,只能造成理解上的艰难和混乱。 第三、英语的难易与法律的难易 在澳洲留学期间,我发现关于刑法的书,读得比较通畅,语言障碍也少;而财产法却艰涩、难懂,念起来非常吃力。而本国学生就没有这样难易差距的感受。我想原因在于,西方的刑法理论,与中国相似;我在大学期间,刑法又学得很好。由于对法律本身熟悉,所以,觉得刑法英语很容易理解和掌握。相反,澳大利亚的财产法是继承英国的传统,诸如财产权的相对性、衡平法产权等等理论,在国内,从未接触过。由于对法律原则的陌生,导致阅读的吃力。所以,英语本身无难易,难易取决于法律本身。对法律原则的理解越深、越透,表述法律的英语,就越简单、易解。 第四、英语的不通源于法律的不通 在做法律翻译时,翻译过很多英文合同,经常会涉及到某某条款是"condition"或"warranty",当时就直译为“条件”或“保证”,仅知道“条件”是合同的重要条款,“保证”是非重要条款,但这又有什么区别呢?学了普通法才理解,这种区别的法律意义在于违约后的法律后果不同:违反condition,守约方有权终止合同,同时要求损害赔偿;但违反warranty,守约方虽然有权要求损害赔偿,但必须继续履行合同,否则,也是违约。

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翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好,下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋,其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼,百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆,后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足,教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.

化工专业英语lesson4翻译汇编

仅供参考 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 1. Sources of Organic Compounds The major sources of organic chemicals are coal, petroleum, and agricultural products. Both coal and petroleum were formed through the geologic processes of changing animal and plant remains into carbon-containing residues. About one-third of all organic chemicals are derived from coal and about one-half from the petroleum industry 有机化合物的来源 有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的,一般来自于石油工业。 2. The Methods and Objectives of Organic Chemistry Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds, it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive[prE5hibitiv]. Once the structural relationships of certain typical members of a particular group or family of compounds are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family, even though some may not be known compounds. 因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然,以前的方法是不可取的,一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识,这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物,甚至是一些未知的化合物, For each group or family of compounds often called homologous series of compounds, structural features are important. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More importantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form

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