当前位置:文档之家› 目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则_以_黑客帝国I_的汉译为例

目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则_以_黑客帝国I_的汉译为例

目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则_以_黑客帝国I_的汉译为例
目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则_以_黑客帝国I_的汉译为例

第29卷第1期2011年2月

常州工学院学报(社科版)

Journal of Changzhou Institute of Technology (Social Science Edition )

Vol.29No.1

Feb.2011

收稿日期:2010-10-26作者简介:张晓娟(1980—

),女,讲师。

目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则

———以《黑客帝国I 》的汉译为例

张晓娟

(浙江艺术职业学院基础部,浙江杭州310053)

摘要:目的论作为对传统翻译理论的突破,为影视字幕翻译开辟了新视角。文章以影片《黑客

帝国I 》汉译字幕中的实际译例说明:基于目的论,字幕翻译需遵循一定的翻译原则,译者应以翻译目的为指引,从观众角度出发,根据影视字幕特点等各方面因素,最终决定合适的翻译方法。

关键词:目的论;字幕翻译;翻译原则

;《黑客帝国I 》中图分类号:H315.9

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1673-0887(2011)01-0074-05随着互联网的普及和发展,以及国际交流的

日益频繁,外语影视片在国内有着越来越多的观众。对于普通观众来说,影视翻译在这种跨文化交流中起到了极为重要的作用。

影视翻译方法主要有两种:配音和字幕翻译。在我国的翻译领域,前者受到的关注较多,而后者并未得到足够的重视,字幕翻译方面的研究也相对薄弱。在当今网络信息时代,配以字幕的影视作品越来越被大众接受,因为“原声+字幕”的形式能让观众在短时间内获得最大的信息量,同时欣赏到原汁原味的影视作品。李运兴指出,字幕的信息功能有两个特点:第一,字幕所提供的语言信息是和视觉信息、听觉信息密切配合的,这要求字幕翻译除了考虑文本,还要结合动态的画面;第二,字幕的语言信息呈现递进式推进,即观众必须在看完一段字幕后才能看到下一段,并没有前后参照①。这给字幕翻译形成了一个制约:译者必须保证这种递进式信息的衔接和连贯。总而言之,字幕翻译必须在满足时间、空间、观众的接受水平等要求的前提下提供有效信息。

《黑客帝国》三部曲是美国华纳兄弟公司出品的近年来最成功的系列科幻片之一,上映以来一直受到全世界影迷的追捧。国内许多影院将带

字幕的原版和配音版同时放映以满足不同观众的

需要。随着中国观众欣赏水平的不断提高,前者的原汁原味更受欢迎。对观看原版片的观众而言,字幕翻译的优劣对他们欣赏影片有着至关重要的作用。笔者通过调查发现,《黑客帝国》系列的字幕翻译有各种不同的版本,质量也参差不齐。文章从目的论角度对《黑客帝国I 》汉译字幕最常见的一个版本进行考查,讨论目的论视角下字幕翻译需遵循的原则。

一、目的论与字幕翻译

目的论是德国功能派翻译理论的奠基理论,由汉斯·费米尔(Hans J.Vermeer )提出。该翻译

理论摆脱了以源语为中心的等值论的束缚,认为翻译要从译语读者的角度出发,翻译方法和翻译策略必须由译文预期目的或功能决定。之后,克里斯蒂安·诺德(Christiane Nord )继承和发展了该

理论,提出了“功能加忠诚”理论模式。该模式下的目的论有三个翻译法则:目的法则、连贯性法则和

忠实性法则,后两个法则必须服从目的法则。在目的法则的主导下,评价译文质量的标准不再是等值,而是合适。这种评价方式最大限度地肯定了翻译策略的多元化,把译者从“信”的束缚中解脱出

第1期张晓娟:目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则———以《黑客帝国I》的汉译为例

来,有利于译者发挥自己的主观能动性,因此该理论的应用具有较高的科学性和可操作性②。

影视作品的主要目的是娱乐大众、传播文化,这决定其以观众为中心的性质特点。作为影视作品的组成部分,字幕翻译也应以目的语观众为导向,重视观众的反应,摆脱源文形式上的束缚,根据影视字幕特点和各语境因素,选择最佳的处理方法。由此看来,传统的对等翻译理论已无法适应这种翻译方式的特殊要求。作为对传统翻译理论的重大突破,目的论无疑为字幕翻译开辟了新视角。

二、《黑客帝国I》的汉译字幕

及翻译原则

《黑客帝国I》作为一部讲述人类和计算机人工智能之间战争的经典影片,与现代科技密切相关,英文片名Matrix实际上是指一个复杂庞大的计算机虚拟世界,三言两语无法解释清楚,对于很多缺乏相关知识的普通观众来说,看懂黑客系列是个比较艰难的过程。因此翻译过来的字幕作为理解影片的重要辅助手段显得尤为关键。

基于目的论,从翻译策略上来看,不应拘泥于一种或几种策略,而应以观众的理解和接受为目标,充分考虑字幕翻译的特性来决定。灵活运用直译、意译、归化、异化、缩减法、诠释法,以及具体化等多种翻译策略,将明白易懂、通顺流畅的译文呈现给观众。《黑客帝国I》汉译字幕最常见的版本中,各种策略得到了较好的运用,同时也存在一些不足之处。笔者在详细考察分析该影片汉译字幕的翻译策略和翻译效果后,总结出了八条相关的翻译原则。下文对白中的汉译正是遵循或违背了这些原则,使得翻译质量优劣有别。

(一)善用空间,常用短句

字幕翻译受到屏幕空间的限制,因此译文的字数须符合一定的要求。而英语重形合,好用长句,即使是对白中也经常出现“连环套连环”的结构,译文若照搬这种结构,容易给观众带来理解的困难。因此译者应根据汉语重意合的特点,多用短句。此外,影视语言存在“瞬间性”和“通俗性”的特点③,画面、声音和字幕都是一瞬即过,因此字幕译文必须简洁明了,通顺流畅,让观众一目了然。例如:

(1)Smith:The other life is lived in computers where you go by the hacker alias“Neo”,

and are guilty of virtually every computer crime we have a law for.

史密斯:另一个你活在电脑中,

使用的骇客代号是尼欧,

几乎犯下每项电脑犯罪。

源文借助定语从句和并列句结构以及相关的副词和连词,构成一个长句。根据英汉句子结构的特点,译成汉语时,无需按照源文的结构来表达,而应将长句拆成若干短句来译。译文符合了字幕翻译中常用短句的原则,符合中国观众的思维方式,便于理解。

(二)避免译腔,积极采用意译

目的论主张以目的语观众为中心进行字幕翻译,因此当直译无法让观众毫不费力地理解台词时,应积极采用意译作为辅助,在忠实源文内容的前提下,使用符合逻辑、符合汉语习惯的词语或句子,从而避免译腔,消除观众的理解障碍。例如:

(2)Morpheus:These rules are no different than the rules of a computer system.

Some of them can be bent.

Others can be broken.

Understand?

Then hit me,if you can.

Good!

Adaptation,improvisation.

莫斐斯:这些定律跟电脑系统没两样。

有些可以更改,

有些甚至可以破解。

懂不懂?

那就打我,尽你所能。

很好。

融会,贯通。

这是Morpheus对Neo进行格斗训练的时候说的话。一些平时常见的词如bend(弯曲),break (打破)在计算机用语中有特定的含义,分别译为“更改”和“破解”,非常准确。值得一提的是最后一句话的翻译,adaptation和improvisation在英语中分别是“适应”和“即兴创作”的意思,原译在充

57

常州工学院学报(社科版)2011年

分理解源文的前提下,使用了中国武侠片中常用的词语“融会”和“贯通”,避免了译腔,并与画面中的中国功夫相映成趣。

(三)注意前后语境,保证递进式信息的衔接和连贯

电影存在“瞬间性”的特点,字幕信息又是呈递进式推进的,这要求译者必须在熟知剧情和上下文语境,并充分理解对白和肢体语言含义的前提下进行翻译,必须注意前后译文的连贯性和一致性,避免前后不一致和不合逻辑的错误。这样才能使观众以最小的努力获得最清晰的信息。例如:

(3)Trinity:Morpheus,the line was traced.

I don't know how.

Morpheus:I know.They cut the hard line.

There's no time.

Get to another exit.

Trinity:Are there any agents?

Morpheus:Yes.

Trinity:Goddamn it.

崔妮蒂:莫斐斯,我的行踪暴露了。

莫斐斯:我知道,电话线被切断。

来不及了,你得找别的出口。

崔妮蒂:附近有干员吗?

莫斐斯:有。

崔妮蒂:该死。

这里提到两个line都是指电话线。第一个line是指无线电话的线路,Morpheus等反抗者可以通过无线电话跟接线员联系;而第二个hard line则是实际的电话线缆,根据情节设计,这是现实世界通往Matrix虚拟世界的唯一通道,反抗者们正是通过电话线缆往返于两个世界的。译文很好地区分了这两条线路的细微区别,分别翻译成“行踪”和“电话线”,观众比较容易理解。这里agent翻译成干员,可能让观众无法理解。电影中的agents实际上是Matrix虚拟程序世界的杀毒程序,他们在母体中被赋予超常的能力,能借用他人的身体,作用是消灭一切危害Matrix运行的异常程序,比如Morpheus等反抗者。因此笔者认为首次出现可以译成“电脑人特工”,之后出现可译为“特工”。这样一来,观众一开始就能清晰地认识到机器人和人类的对立,有助于对后面情节发展的理解。

(四)慎重处理文化因素,多用目的语观众熟悉的语言

目的论强调以文本目的为翻译准则,将翻译放在跨文化交际的框架中进行考察④。就字幕翻译而言,必须适应目的语观众的需要。每部影视作品的对白都包含特定文化意义的词语,它们为目的语观众所不知、不熟悉或难以理解。因此译文尽量适应和照顾目的语观众的语言和文化习惯,为观众消除欣赏影视片过程中的文化障碍,顺利实现文化交流。例如:

(4)Neo:What does that mean?

Cypher:It means buckle your seat belt,Doro-thy,

because Kansas is going bye-bye.

尼欧:什么意思?

塞佛:系好安全带,菜鸟。

跟老家说再见吧。

Dorothy和Kansas出自童话故事The Wizard of Oz(绿野仙踪),故事中小姑娘Dorothy住在Kansas的一个中部农场里,后来被一场龙卷风刮到了陌生而神奇的Oz国。如果采取直译,那么观众对“多萝西”和“堪萨斯州”肯定一头雾水,不知道其中有什么联系,而电影中采取了替换的方式,分别译为“菜鸟”和“老家”,符合这个比喻。

(五)考虑时空因素,常用缩减法

字幕必须在有限的屏幕空间内展现给观众,并且须在与源语话语大致相同的时间内完成信息传递,这就需要经常采用缩减的翻译策略。缩减不是随意删除信息,而是根据与剧情关联程度的高低以及时空的要求,正确选择浓缩、压缩或删除的缩减方法,保证目的语观众顺利获得有效的信息。例如:

(5)Morpheus:The pill you took is part of a trace program.

It disrupts your input/output carrier signals,

so we can pinpoint your location.

莫斐斯:药丸里有追踪程式,

用来追踪你身体所在的位置。

这段对白中,原译考虑到语速和画面的速度,

67

第1期张晓娟:目的论视角下的字幕翻译原则———以《黑客帝国I》的汉译为例

删除了“It disrupts your input/output carrier sig-nals”(它用来扰乱你的载波信号)所传递的信息,直接说明pill(药丸)的作用,简洁明了。因为对于观众来说,没有必要弄清楚药丸的工作原理,且这部分信息删除之后也不影响对剧情的理解。

(六)避免误会,指代需明确

这里的指代有两层含义。其一,英汉翻译中名词的对应:当影视片中出现几种容易混淆的名词概念时,译者要注意区分,紧密联系上下文推断其指代的含义,若出现错译,会给观众造成理解障碍。其二,代词的对应。英语多代词,汉语多名词,英语句子对再次出现的名词普遍使用代词替代,而汉语由于句子较短,结构松散,代词太多会造成歧义,所以英译汉时宜多用名词。

(6)Morpheus:The human body generates more bioelectricity than a120-volt battery.

And over25,000BTUs of body heat.

Combined with a form of fusion,

the machines had found all the energy they would ever need.

There are fields,Neo,endless fields where hu-man beings are no longer born.

We are grown.

莫斐斯:电脑人身体发出的生化电力超过120伏特,

产生25000热量单位。

只要经过聚变,

电脑人就有用之不尽的能量。

它们开发出一望无际的场地,

人类不再从娘胎出生,

而是被栽培出来。

例(6)对白中Morpheus正在向Neo解释人类如何成为电脑人的能量来源。结合影片前后情节,可知影片中的人类已经不是原来意义上的人类,而是电脑人制造出来为其提供能源的电池。由此可见The human body指代的不是“电脑人身体”,而是“人类的身体”。按照原译,这段对白就不合逻辑了,因此笔者认为应译为“人类的身体”或者“人体”。There be句型本是一个存在句,原译联系前后剧情后,将句子变成主谓结构,增加了一个主语“它们”,指的是“电脑人”,有助于观众准确理解这段对话。

(7)Dozer:Squiddy's sweeping in quick.

Neo:Squiddy?

Trinity:A sentinel.

A killing machine designed for one thing.

Dozer:Search and destroy.

Morpheus:Set her down right over there.

道瑟:乌贼追上来了

尼欧:乌贼?

崔妮蒂:是艘巡逻舰。

它们用来……

道瑟:搜寻及毁灭。

莫斐斯:把船停在下面。

当电脑人的巡逻舰来临时,Morpheus下令“Set her down right over there”,这里提到的“her”,结合剧情和画面,是指Morpheus等所在的战船Nebuchadnezzar,如果直接译成“她”,可能会给观众造成困惑,译文将其指代的“船”译出来,就清晰得多了。

(七)活用诠释法,有效传达信息

影视语言中,有些本国语观众能轻松理解的词,异国观众却很难在极短的时间内明白;有些词语的含义在特定的影视片中存在很大的区别,在画面和声音发挥不了辅助功能的情况下,观众的理解会遇到阻碍,此时译者应该活用诠释法,有效传达信息,让观众轻松欣赏影视片。由于时空限制,使用诠释法时应避免详细阐释,而根据实际情况使用替代、改写等方式进行操作。例如:

(8)Morpheus:If you are not one of us,you are one of them.

Neo:What are they?

Morpheus:Sentient programs.

莫斐斯:不是朋友就是敌人。

尼欧:谁是敌人?

莫斐斯:有思想的电脑人。

这是Morpheus向Neo解释Matrix虚拟世界时的一段对白。第一句话中的us和them形成了绝对的对立,非友即敌,译为“不是朋友就是敌人”,清晰地表达了这种对立关系。接下来they指代的对象sentient programs,本义是“有意识的程序”,影片中出现的此类程序,是以人的

77

常州工学院学报(社科版)2011年

形象出现的,如Smith和他的同伙,因此原译使用了诠释法,将其解释为“有思想的电脑人”,便于观众理解。

(八)注意挖掘潜台词,降低观众理解的难度

影视作品是按故事情节发展的,有时候对白中的信息不完整,需联系前后剧情来推断和理解;同时字幕的语言信息又是呈递进式推进的,观众须看完一段字幕后才能看到下一段,没有前后参照。为了减少目的语观众理解的难度,译者应通读剧本、通看影片之后再进行翻译,把潜台词准确地挖掘出来,使观众最大限度地理解源语言所承载的信息及戏剧效果。例如:

(9)Cypher:After nine years,

you know what I realize?

Ignorance is bliss.

Smith:Then we have a deal.

塞佛:过了九年

苦日子,你知道吗?

无知就是快乐。

史密斯:你答应了。

这是人类反抗者中的叛徒Cypher和电脑人特工Smith之间的对话。Cypher无法忍受反抗Matrix控制道路中的种种艰难困苦,想重新回到Matrix虚拟世界中去。如果直译成“9年后,你知道我明白了什么道理”,观众无法得知这9年意味着什么以及Cypher为什么叛变。译文将潜台词“苦日子”译出来,使得观众轻而易举地理解了相关的剧情。笔者认为若将最后一句话中的副词then译出,即将“Then we have a deal”译为“那么说你答应了”,对话会更连贯。

三、结语

影视字幕翻译是一种源文、译者和观众等相互作用的动态交际过程。译者应该以翻译目的为指引,从观众角度出发,充分考虑各方面因素,如影视作品的特点、语言思维和文化的差异,以及译者对电影作品的充分理解等,最终采用适合的翻译方法。

《黑客帝国》系列作为前卫的科幻片能够在国内如此受欢迎,和其字幕翻译的质量是密切相关的。考察《黑客帝国I》的汉译字幕,虽然存在一些需改进的地方,总的来说,是一部成功的译作。文章通过《黑客帝国I》的汉译字幕,探讨了影视字幕翻译过程中需要遵循的一些原则,希望能给影视翻译工作者提供借鉴和参考,做出高质量的字幕翻译,使观众能够更好地欣赏外来影视作品,促进文化交流。而作为翻译领域的一枝新秀,字幕翻译还需要更多研究者的关注。

注释:

①李运兴:《字幕翻译的策略》,《中国翻译》,2001年第4期,第39页。

②张沉香:《功能目的理论与应用翻译研究》,湖南师范大学出版社,2008年,第40页。

③钱绍昌:《影视翻译———翻译园地中愈来愈重要的领域》,《中国翻译》,2001年第1期,第62页。

④Nord Christiane:Translating as a Purposeful Activity-Func-tional Approaches Explained,Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001,p23.

[参考文献]

[1]杨洋.电影字幕翻译述评[J].西南交通大学学报:社会科学版,2006(8):93-97.

[2]陈亚明.《卧虎藏龙》字幕翻译策略探析[J].电影文学,2007

(8):100-102.

[3]李和庆,薄振杰.规范与影视字幕翻译[J].中国科技翻译,2005(2):44-46.

[4]龙千红.电影翻译的动态观———中国电影翻译考察[J].安徽农业大学学报:社会科学版,2007(3):110-114.

责任编辑:赵青

87

汉译英在线翻译句子

[标签:标题] 篇一:2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来,雨里去,成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土,我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道:“一百年还记得呢!比不得你,拿着我的话当耳边风,夜里说了,早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机,就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢? Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累,在我长时间无间断地工作,在我感到内心空虚,需要补充精神营养 的时候,我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧,你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明,中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省,足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这毛虫”! Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”

英语汉译英翻译

Unit 1 1.餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高。 The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small business. 2.他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力,集科学家和实业家的品质于一身。 His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 3.像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代。这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显。 We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions. 4.显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人。 Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 5.没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了。No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else’s approval, at someone else’s mercy. 6.人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情。 The human being longs for a sense of accomplishment, and being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 7.政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失。 The government hopes that the sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its lose. 8.现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定。

英语翻译答案

汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈,通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识,社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰,因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫,又称紫禁城,是明、清两代的皇宫,二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富,而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来,故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次,随着旅游业的繁荣,游客人数有增无减,可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台(CCTV)每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播,这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来,它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目,《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its

句子翻译练习(汉译英)

一、翻译下列句子,注意选词: 1. 人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十几年有发展。 2. 由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。 3. 改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4. 我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5. 中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6. 湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文: 1. Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2. The sea level is rising little by little in the consequenee of global warmi ng. 3. Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4. We need to be enhancing international petitiveness. 5. China' s moder ni zati on is in separable from her econo mic cooperati on and trade ties with other nations. 6. Higher water levels in the lake area mayendanger the growing of bamboos, which means gia nt pan das that feed on these pla nts will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称(翻译下列句子,注意运用物称表达法) T1我想到希望,忽然害怕起来了。 11他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步,我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下,就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。 参考译文: "T1 The access of hope made me sudde nly afraid. "T1 An ger choked his words. "H His name escaped me for the moment. "H This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utteranee. Tl A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.

汉译英句子翻译原则

1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法: ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1:我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2:我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3:如果不恰当地处理,锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4:如果说,词汇是语言的“建筑材料”,那么,句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5:中国有两点是靠得住的,一是讲原则,二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6:人有失错,马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单

?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道,句式多样 ?例句7:世纪之交,中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1(直接法):At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2(间接法):The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8:1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1:In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2:China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9:胎又瘪了。 ?译法1:We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2:Our tire is flat again. ?例句10:人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。 ?译法1:It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2:We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆:海纳百川,有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

汉译英答案3

汉英语篇翻译练习答案: 1.Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. (选自《英语世界》2004年第三期,张培基译)

句子翻译练习(汉译英)

一、翻译下列句子,注意选词: 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文: 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称(翻译下列句子,注意运用物称表达法) 我想到希望,忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步,我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下,就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻,对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲,你待我礼貌有加,我却受之有愧。 参考译文: The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.

汉译英翻译方法

汉译英三步骤: 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解,也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的,不是一对一的死译,而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文,要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思,是否有 漏译、错译,译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧: 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思,还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”:country, nation, state, land 分别内涵:疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思,运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda (带贬义) 汉译英选词原则: (1)选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”:audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示:听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达: 工作条件:working condition 有利的条件:favorable situation 录取条件:admission requirement 付款条件:terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重,有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”:employment problem, unemployment problem(找不到工作就业已 成问题,即失业问题) “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs(没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女,不需找工作的并不包括在内) (2)要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. (3)选词时不要望文生义,不要死译,要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。

新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案

1. 她连水都不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释?(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力,所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女,她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说,但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手,在他外出时,由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验,也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题,那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同,他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮,但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高,但是她身材瘦,给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫,能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目,我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊:他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色,我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信,给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事,总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足,加上地面潮湿,使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金,他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦,他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样,身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时,他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是,他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是,不管是好是坏,随着新科技的进步,世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要,因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls (环礁). 在那里,由于地心引力的剧烈干扰,一道道山脉,一座座火山升出水面。千百年来,微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡,形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多,那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人,于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方,河水漫出河床,宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系,迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起,困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪,在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上,撒在田野里,撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

高中汉译英句子翻译中英文58句

teacher looked at me with_tears_in_her_eyes. 老师看着我,眼里含着泪水。 was_reading attentively in my own room when suddenly he knocked at the door. 我正在聚精会神地在我自己的房间里读书,这时他突然敲门。 cute girl’s job as an accountant is satisfying, in her mother’s opinion. 在她妈妈看来,这个漂亮姑娘的会计工作很令人满意。Much_to_my_satisfaction,_you have been admitted by a key university. 令我非常满意的是,你被一所重点大学录取了。policeman stood in the middle of the road, directing the traffic. 一名警察站在路中央指挥交通。 was so kind that he directed me to the museum. 他太好了,给我指了去博物馆的路。 sometimes have no sense of direction (direct) when I arrive at the crossroads. 当我到达十字路口时,我有时没有方向感。 husband rushed to the hospital directly (direct) he heard

that his wife was injured. 丈夫一听到他的妻子受伤了就匆忙赶往医院。husband was always there and she just took him for granted. 她丈夫随时都在身边,她只是认为他理应如此。 on the Internet may have a bad effect on your study. 网上聊天可能会对你的学习产生不良影响。 ’s said that the son will take over the company after the father’s retirement. 据说(那位)父亲退休以后将由儿子接管公司。 singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后她的歌唱事业迅速腾飞。 you know the lady with a baby in her arms 你认识那位抱小孩儿的女士吗 walked back to the bus stop, with him following (follow) her. 她走回汽车站,他跟在她后面。 him taken (take) good care of, we all felt quite relieved. 他被照顾得很好,我们都感到很欣慰。 a lot of homework to_finish (finish), I have no time to go shopping with you.

新视野大学英语读写教程汉译英翻译答案

第一单元 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3 .Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4. We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5. Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. 6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security. 第二单元 1 .If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous,it would have attracted a larger audience.‘ 2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress. 3 .I never had formal training,I just learned as I went along? 4. As their products find their way into the international

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档