Section I Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B. C, and D. Choose the ONE (ans wer that best completes the sentence and your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
1. The boy is telling a lie. His face has given him _______________.
A. off B. up C. away D. out
2. It is _____________ in the regulations that you can take 80 kilos of luggage with you.
A. laid out B. laid down C. laid up D. laid off
3. People ill some regions of Scotland weave wool into Scottish tweed, which _____ much money in foreign trade.
A. gets in B. brings in C. turns in D. hands in
4. The stolen car was Finally recovered last Sunday in a country cottage, but the robbers are still__________.
A. on the go B. at large C. out of sight D. beyond control
5. If only he works hard. I don’t _______ when he finishes the book report.
A. expect B. mind C. hope D. regret
6. It was snowing. So I drove with _______, as the road was slippery.
A. safety B. caution C. protection D. attention
7. Anybody who wants to start a business must have some ______________.
A. capital B. wealth C. income D. currency
8. He lifted the heavy weight, but it was the greatest ______________ he had ever made.
A. strength B. force C. effort D. energy
9. With a car, many people can make trips to the country or seaside at weekends. instead of being ________ to their immediate neighborhood.
A. limited B. restricted C. confined D. subjected
10. If no importance is attached to colleting information, we cannot survive in such a (an) ________competitive society, because it is the basis on which we make our decisions.
A. powerfully B. forcefully C. intensely D. intensively
11.I remember seeing him some years ago, but I can’t __________________ where it was.
A. remind B. recognize C. recall D. memorize
12. When he realized the police had spotted him, the man _______________ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made out C. made for D. made toward
13. Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful____ in the market.
A. batteries B. baskets C. bargains D. barrels
14. The fake painting is obviously interior _______________the original.
A. below B. from C. to D. under
15. The taxi driver pulled up Ins car _____________ a pedestrian waving to him.
A. in the sight of B. at the sight C. on the sight of D. the sight of
16. Because of the strike. British Rail has been forced to ____________ all the trains to London.
A. cancel B. abandon C. postpone . D. refer
17.They have asked us to ________________ in the negotiations.
A. involve B. present C. participate D. attend
18. They are____________________ the costs of production precisely.
A. counting B. calculating C. figuring D. numbering
19. It is said that the math teacher seems ________________ toward bright students.
A．partial B. preferable C. beneficial D. liable
20. This hotel ____________＄60 for a single room with bath.
A. claims B. demands C. requires D. charges
Section II Cloze
Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B. C. and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (15 points)
The statement that: "We must balance our energy and environmental needs" is almost a clichéby now. But the more our appetite for energy expands, _21__ impossible that "balance" becomes to __22__.
Each one of the energy supply options __23__ today to meet the nation’s increased consumption of energy
comes attached with an environmental price __24__. But the problem is that we live in a high-energy civilization. __25__the unenviable task for us is to decide which energy __26__ is least bad.
Underground coal mining __27_ a terrible human price－explosions and black__28__disease－and it also
results in the__29_of the surface above. The most potent environmental issue __30__ with coal is the air pollution that occurs in trying to bum it. Air pollution is really a public health __31__.
In contrast to the very immediate environmental_32_of coal, the risks linked to nuclear power plants seem _33__ but more terrifying. To weigh and compare the environmental __34_ and benefits of nuclear versus fossil fuels is almost _35_on the basis of present knowledge.
21. A. much more B. the more C. it is more D. more and more
22. A. attain B. extract C. impose D. strive
23. A. is promoted B. are promoted C. to be promoted D. being promoted
24. A. log B. strap C. tag D. tablet
25. A. Thus B. Otherwise C. Thereafter D. Nevertheless
26. A. source B. consumption C. exploration D. merchandise
27. A. decides B. develops C. demands D. delivers
28. A. limb B. liver C. lung D. tongue
29. A. rising B. sinking C. moving D. losing
30. A. disregarded B. submerged C. intervened D. associated
31. A. issue B. topic C. project D. discussion
32. A. dispute B. hazards C. impurity D. uncertainty
33. A. hostile B. remote C. turbulent D. threatening
34. A. issues B. costs C. harm D. advantages
35. A. impossible B. important C. imposing D. imperfect
Section III Reading Comprehension
Directions: Read the following four
passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A. B. C or D. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
[1]
At 26, Jane Goodall had no college education or science training. But since childhood, she had been dreaming of
working closely with animals in Africa. "All through my childhood people said you can't go to Africa. You're a girl." Goodall says. "But my mother used to say, if you really want to, there's nothing you can't do."
In 1957, the 26-year-old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous scientist Louis Leakey, who was so impressed by her enthusiasm that he hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungle and in 1960 Leakey sent Goodall to live among chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals* behavior and interactions.
For three months Goodall made little progress. But she says, "I never came close to giving up."Her breakthrough came one day when she saw a male chimpanzee stick a piece of grass into a termite hill, then put the grass in his mouth. Afterward she came to the hill and did the same. Pulling the grass out, she discovered dozens of termites on it. The discovery - that some animals use tools - was unknown to most scientists at the time.
Goodall saw chimpanzees show human-like emotions, such as jealousy and love. But she also discovered they were capable of violent attacks against each other.
Goodall received her Ph.D. in the study of animal behavior at England's Cambridge University. Now she travels around the world raising money to preserve wildlife. "I love living in the forest with the chimpanzees," she says. "I'd much rather be there than traveling around from city to city."
36. What was Goodall's childhood dream?
A. She dreamed of going to college.
B. She dreamed of becoming a famous scientist.
C. She dreamed of studying animals in Africa.
D. She dreamed of traveling all around the world.
37. Goodall's most important discovery is that ____________.
A. animals have emotions
B. some animals use tools
C. chimpanzees could attack each other violently
D. termites are chimpanzees' favorite food
38. Goodall's success is chiefly due to____________.
A. her exceptional talents
B. determination and patience
C．secretary training
D. her education and good work
39. What is Goodall doing now?
A. Studying animal behavior at Cambridge University.
B. Observing chimpanzees in African jungles.
C. Raising funds for the preservation of wildlife.
D. Working hard for a Ph.D. degree.
40. In line 11. "came close to giving up" means ___________.
A. coming near the animal preserve
B. recording the animals' behavior and interactions
C. thinking about stop doing her job
D. making friend with the chimpanzees
[2]
Chinese businesses are being urged to get ready for a new global standard on electronic trade after China joins World Trade Organization (WTO).
E-business analysts at the E-Trade 2000 forum warned that many d
omestic Firms may be pushed to the sidelines of profitable global trade if they continue to ignore the Internet as a means of doing business.
A uniform standard on e-trade, although not yet available, would become a top WTO priority, analysts said.
"Developed countries may play the upper hand and adopt a new standard on e-trade. It will create big challenges to domestic enterprises which are far away from global rules." said Fan Yueying, deputy director of China Information Economy Institute.
Fan, also president of Mytong Technology Co. Ltd. one of China's leading trade information companies, said Thursday that Chinese firms still underestimate what e-trade could do for their business.
"Bricks-and-mortar firms still have a wait-and-see attitude to e-trade. Most of the Finns just think that opening a webpage and making an e-mail system is enough for cyber deals. That is far from enough," said Fan.
A recent poll by Beijing Internet Development Centre found only 4.5 per cent of trade firms in China did online trade, while 23.6 per cent had not put online business on their agenda.
"Chinese firms also tail foreign players in adopting new business models, which has cut their global competitiveness," said Michael Kleist, president of e-trade agent meet china. corn's China operation.
41. The E-trade 2000 Forum was most likely held in __________.
A. Bangkok B. Shanghai C'. New York D. Tokyo
42. E-business refers to _________.
A. business with EU. B. electricity trade.
C. ignoring the Internet as a means of trade D. none of the above
43. What attitude do bricks-and-mortar firms hold to e-trade?
A. Active. B. Pessimistic. C. Like a spectator. D. Ignoring.
44. According to Kleist, what has cut Chinese fines' global competitiveness?
A. Independent development. B. Adopting old business models.
C. 'Tailing foreign Firms. D. Ignoring new business models.
45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?
A. Opening a webpage and making an e-mail system is enough for doing e-trade.
B. WTO is working towards a uniform standard on e-trade.
C. Many Chinese firms still don't know the advantages of e-trade.
D. Internet is an important means of doing business nowadays.
3]
Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgewood Firm's remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery. Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals and children's toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: Who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?
An answer to the first of these has been difficult to o
btain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and service actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.
To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The "middling sort" bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition.
Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What for example, does the production of high-quality potterv and leys have to do with the development of iron manufacture or textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of consumer society without a heavy industrial sector.
That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not. however. diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own world.
46. In the first paragraph, the author mentions McKendrick and Plumb most probably in order to____________.
A. contrast their views on the subject of luxury consumerism in eighteenth-century England.
B. indicate the inadequacy of historiographical approaches to eighteenth-century English history.
C. give examples of historians who have helped to establish the fact of growing consumerism in
eighteenth-century England.
D. support the contention that key questions about eighteenth-century consumerism remain to be answered.
47. According to the passage, Thompson attributes to laboring people in eighteenth
-century England which of the following attitudes toward capitalist consumerism?
A. Enthusiasm B. Curiosity C. Ambivalence D. Hostility
48. According to the passage, eighteenth-century England and the contemporary world of the passage's readers are _____________.
A. dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classes
B. dissimilar in the extent to which luxury goods could be said to be a stimulant of industrial development
C. similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and services
D. similar in the extent to which a middle class could be identified as imitating the habits of a wealthier class
49. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the demand for luxury goods and services in eighteenth-century England"
A. The growing demand for luxury goods and services was a major factor in the coming of the Industrial Revolution.
B. The Industrial Revolution exploited the already existing demand for luxury goods and services.
C. Although the demand for luxury goods may have helped bring about the Industrial Revolution, the demand for luxury services did not.
D. There is no reason to believe that the Industrial Revolution was directly driven by a growing demand for luxury goods and services.
50. What does "it" refer to in the sentence "...it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution." in the lust paragraph bill one?
A. This consumer demand B. The consequences
C. Luxuries D. The Industrial Revolution
Since World War II. there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady" though high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying hair and clucking of middle-aged people over the ways of "wild youth." However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays: it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early. while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.
Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life. but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as true that any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one's problems: more often, it accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it: one might say in theological terms, that they are giving up one idol only to worship another. Young pe
ople correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that "success" is the ultimate good. but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of life's meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially Utopian and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow
Shall we, then, join the chorus of "Misereres" over early marriages? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more than all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.
51. According to the article the trend toward early marriages ____________.
A. cannot be easily determined
B. is one that can be clearly seen
C. is an outgrowth of the moral laxity brought abut by World War II
D. occurs after every major war
52. According to the article, successful marriages are determined by the emotional maturity of the partners and not by ____________.
A. financial considerations B. parental consent
C. educational background D. chronological age
53. The author suggests that many of today's early marriages are a result of____________.
A. escapism B. theological dictum C'. lack of formal education D. convenience
54. The author states that the home as an institution is _____________.
A. unworthy of worship B. overrated
C. probably not capable of being what many young people expect it to be
D. incapable of being the basic unit of society
55. Which of the following statements would the author not agree with?
A. All early marriages are not bad.
B. Bad marriages can he made from sixteen to sixty.
C. Satisfactory marriages are determined by chronology.
D. All later marriages are not good.
Section IV Translation
Directions: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)
Some recent historians have argued that life in the British colonies in America from approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by the side a person s
upported. (56) Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption that Loyalists (亲英分子) represented an upper class. new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic classes. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebel side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. (57) Where it did not, the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyal ism thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from
hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid－though recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed－that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort." (58) Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally (毫不含糊) that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.
Having said this, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples of the widespread, and Justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interest. (59) Although undertones（含意）of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict which also existed between North and South- deserves further investigation.
In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. (60 ) Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome repressed in order to reach it.
SectionⅤ Writing
Directions: In this section. you are asked to write a composition entitled The Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones (手机). You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
答 案
Section I Vocabulary (10 points)
l. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. C
11.C 12. C 13.C 14.C 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20.
D
Section II Cloze (15 points)
21. B 22. A 2 3. D 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. D
31. A 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. A
Section III Reading Comprehension (40 points)