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现在完成时、一般过去时、现在完成进行时的区别

现在完成时、一般过去时、现在完成进行时的区别
现在完成时、一般过去时、现在完成进行时的区别

现在完成时、一般过去时、现在完成进行时的区别

一、时态指的是行为发生的时间及其发生时所处的状态。

1、任何行为发生的时间不外乎四种,即现在时间、过去时间、将来时间、过去将来时间。时间是由下列方式实现的:现在时间:由动词的现在形式表现,即动词原形或单数第三人称形式,简言之就是 do/does;

过去时间:由动词的过去形式表现,简言之就是 did;

将来时间:由动词的现在形式表现,即“助动词 will + 动词原形”,简言之就是 will do;

过去将来:由动词的过去将来形式表现,即“woul d + 动词原形”,简言之就是 would do。2、行为发生时所处的状态也不外乎四种,即一般状态、完成状态、进行状态、完成进行状态。动词的状态是由下列方式实现:一般状态:由上述的几种时间形式表现;

完成状态:由助动词“have + 过去分词”表现;

进行状态:由助动词“be + 现在分词”表现;

完成进行状态:由助动词“have + been +现在分词”表现。

3、时态的结构就是按照“先时间后状态”的方式构成的,按照时态名称的顺序依次安排结构:

1)现在时态

※一般现在时:do/doe(动词的现在形式)

※现在进行时:am/is/are doing(即:现在am/is/are 进行 am/is/are doing);

※现在完成时:have/has done(即:现在 have/has,完成 have/has done)

※现在完成进行时:have/has been doing(现在have/has,完成 have/has been,进行been doing)

2)过去时态

※一般过去时:did(动词的过去形式);

※过去进行时:was/were(即:过去was/were 进行 was/were doing);

※过去完成时:had done(即:过去 had,完成 had done)

过去完成进行时:had been doing(过去had,完成had been,进行been doing)

3)将来时态※一般将来时:will do

将来进行时:will be doing(即:将来 will 进行 be doing);

将来完成时:will have done(即:将来 will,完成 have done)

将来完成进行时:will have been doing(将来,完成 have been,进行been doing)

4)过去将来时态※一般过去将来时:would do

过去将来进行时:would be doing(即:过去将来 would,进行 be doing);

过去将来完成时:would have done(即:过去将来 would,完成 have done)

过去将来完成进行时:would have been doing(过去将来 would,完成 have been,进行 been doing)

注:标有※的是出现频率较高的时态,过去将来时多用于虚拟语气

二、表示将来的手段除了上面提到将来时结构外,至少还有其他常用的五种,包括——

* be going to do:主观打算的将来,按经验对客观推理的将来

* 现在时:表示真理或短时间内不会改变的将来

* 趋向动词的进行时:正在着手准备的将来

* be about to do:一触即发的将来

* be to do:计划拟定的将来

三、各种过去时的用法一般过去时:表示说话前曾经发生过的行为或存在的状态;

过去完成时:表示说话前再往前推曾经发生过的行为或存在的状态,简言之就是过去的过去过去进行时;表示说话前的某一段时间曾经正在发生的行为;

过去完成进行时;表示说话前再往前推的某一段时间发生着的行为对说话前的那个时间造成影响后才结束。

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题 一、前言: 初一下学期同学们学习了一般过去时态的相关知识,即将到来的初二上学期英语学习中,现在完成时是重要的学习内容。本文通过对比一般过去时和现在完成时,对现在完成时进行初步讲解,希望使同学们读新学期的学习有所准备。 二、现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是由助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2. 现在完成时的用法 现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。 We are good friends.(现在的情况) I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作) We have known each other since 1997. (现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在) (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes, I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教) I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 (3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever, never,three times等时间状语。 如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 3.现在完成时的时间状语 (1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗? -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

过去完成时的标志词

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 (6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。 (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。 过去完成时-语法判定 1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如: We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作 有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:( 1 )宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。如: She said that she had seen the film before. ( 2 )状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去

一般过去时-现在完成时和过去完成时

一般过去时,现在完成时和过去完成时 一般过去时态表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和表示频度的时间状语连用,试看下列例句: 1. I was in the classroom yesterday morning 2. My father was at work last week. 3. I visited the Palace Museum three weeks ago. 4. He always went to work by bus last year. 5. I wrote home once a week at college. 1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等; 2. 由"last+一时间名词"构成的短语:last night, last year (winter, month, week)等; 3. 由"时间段+ago"构成的短语:a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等; 4. 其它:just now或者由句子本身的时态所反映出来的。 现在完成时表示:(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already,just,yet,before,ever,never 等副词连用;(2)发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。试看下列例句: 1.My father has brought many books for me , so I can do some reading now. 2.I have already finished my homework, so I can give it to my teacher now. 3.Kevin hasn't seen the film yet, so he has nothing to say about the film. 4.This is the best film I have ever seen. 5.Mary has been ill for three days. 6.I have lived here since 1998. 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last year, two days ago, just now 等等,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, before, recently,ever, never等连用。

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了,我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年(现在也还在这里住) 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。(他现在还活着) 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。(today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语) 二、过去时的用法 1.

1.表示过去完成的动作,现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样? —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱(表示她现在已不可爱了。) 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用,表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次(表示他已去世)练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.

现在完成时和一般过去时专项练习

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现在完成时和过去完成时的区别

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一般过去时和过去完成时区别

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一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别(详细点)

一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别(详细点) 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) (2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表

一般过去时与现在完成时和过去完成时的比较

①一般过去时的基本用法 a)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与过去时间连用. a moment ago(刚才),yesterday morning,last night/ week,the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)等。 He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天他突然生病了。 b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 I wrote home once a week at college. 我上大学时每周给家里写一封信. c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。 She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. 她走进房间,拿起一本杂志,认真地翻阅了起来。 d)在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时. We would not leave until the teacher came back. 老师回来我们才会离开。 ②一般过去时的特殊用法 a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。 I wish I were twenty years younger. 但愿我年轻20岁。 b)在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气 Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗? 现在完成时的用法: 1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果,强调的是这个影响或结果,一般不与过去时间连用,常同already, just, yet等状语连用例:I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。(结果是灯已经关上了) She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。(影响是他现在没有自行车骑了) 2) 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能继续下去(也可能不继续下去),常同包括现在在内的时间状语连,也同“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”的状语连用 She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。 I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。

现在完成时和一般过去时

现在完成时专项练习 一、用since和for填空 1______ two years 2_______ two years ago 3_______lastmonth 4______1999 5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8_______ an hour ago 9_______ we were children 10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I’ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 16 It’s about ten years __________ she left the city. 17 How long have you been here?-______ half past three. 18How long has that car been here?-______ yesterday. 19 How long have you been in this school?-______ four years. 20 How long has that boy been in your class?-______ six weeks. 21 How long have you lived here?-______ 1996 二、用have(has) been、have(has) gone 、have/has been to/in, have gone to填空。 1、A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island. A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there. A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once. 2、Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ he _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years. _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago. 三、选择填空

现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习

现在完成时与一般过去时专项练习 每日一句 God helps those who help themselves. Review 单项选择题 1.Mother _____ me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i) 3.Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ____ high up there ! A. has got…is B. has climbed…was C. got …was D. climbed…is 4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago. A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had 5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .” A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted C. di d…get…has shouted D. has…got…has shouted 6. ______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ? A. Have …seen…did…see B. Did …see…did…watch C. Have…seen…have…seen D. Did …see…have…seen 7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five. A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited 8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour. A.has…been…has gone B. has…gone…has been C. did…go…went D. did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying. A. Has…cried…has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped C. Did …cry…stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped 10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years. A. knew...have lived B. kne w (iv) C. know...have lived D. know (iv) Summary 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 (一)一般过去时态和现在完成时态的概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作常与yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last year, in 1965, a moment ago等表示过去的时间状语连用, 例如: He came here yesterday. 现在完成时表示过去的动作(或状态)对现在产生的_________, 例如: He has broken his bottle.

一般过去时,过去进行时和过去完成时

一般过去时 1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态 eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 2.表过去经常发生的事情 eg I was very thin in my childhood. 3.带有确定的过去的时间状语 eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now. We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 He said he would wait until they came back. 常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有:last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。 使用一般过去时,在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思:一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间;二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间, 注意:用于某些特殊结构中表示现在: It’s time we star ted. 我们该动身了。 I wish I knew his name. 要是我知道他的名字就好了。 I’d rather you lived closer to us. 我希望你能住得离我们近点。 【注】该用法主要用于it’s time, I wish, I’d rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形,其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来: I’d rather you came next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。 另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在: If I had the money now I’d buy a car. 假若我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车。 过去进行时 1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作 eg At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article. What were you doing at eight last night ? 2.用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况 eg One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke … 主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作,所以,句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语可能是短语,词组,或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。 3)(仅限少数动词)表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如: She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。 过去完成时 1、发生在“过去的过去”

一般过去时与现在完成时

一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were 后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如:What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 现在完成时: 基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他) (1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead …… a)1.have代替buy

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