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西安交通大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 The technological dimension of innovation process has been extensively commended on. Market innovation processes._____(1)has remained underexplored both theoretically and empirically. Our starting point was that the conception of market innovation depends strongly on our ____(2) Of markets. Two different approaches to markets were contrasted: one epistemologial orientation ____(3) generating the right knowledge about markets,and one ontological orientation emphasizing their active production. Drawing on the latter, we defined “market”innovation ____(4)changes in the way business is done. In this respect, the contribution to this special issue are ____(5) by the idea that market innovation is not something that envelops market from the outside (like technological innovation or regulatory change).____(6)something that comes from changing the very components that make up markets, ____(7),recent theorizing about markets from a practice prospective suggests markets are continuous outcomes of on-going efforts.____(8)change the rule and stability the exception. In line with this, the markets repeatedly illustrate efforts at directing and /or preventing change rather than promoting it. This leads us to suggest that market innovation. Face the balancing act of capturing opportunities____(9) change through stabilizing efforts that produce innovation rems. Such stabilizing efforts were noted in two special areas: establishing and maintaining a bounded network of buyers,sellers,goods, etc. And configuring this network in particular ways____(10)channel interaction between entities. These stabilizing efforts were parsued in four ways: Internationalizing norms and rules; building devlees and technical infrastructures,generating and Dissemination images, models,and representation and ____(11) practices, routines and habits. Despite stabilizing efforts,however, stability is hard to achieve,____(12)due to competing political project about how a market should work, herein wu argue,____(13)the key dynamic of market innovation processes. While market innovation seek stability,____(14)also strive for dynamic transformation. While stability id=s sought ,instability offers stack ____(15)allows markets to develop and pursue new opportunities. Actors trying to reconfigure markets ____(16) sufficient predictability to anticipate potential rents, yet thrive on the opportunities of of market in flux____(17),efforts to eliminate market slack,e.g,through extensive marked rationalization, is not only difficult but also undersirable. ____(18)brings us to our final removal. We ____(19) that market innovation processes designed above play a significant part in what has been said to characterize a well functioning market,namely the ability to handle its own overflows. To further develop action-oriented insights commingle such processes, one would do well to return the comprehensive and dynamic perspective offered by conceiving of markets as service Eco-system, social-material networks, or tech-lednical enhancements____(20) exemplifed in the subsequent articles. 1.A to be specific B however C therefore D on the other hand
考博英语作文实用范文：真人秀 考博英语作文实用范文：真人秀 What emerges into our sights is a familiar yet far-reaching picture that there are a wide range of reality shows in front of a middle-aged man who, half lying on the sofa, is swinging a remote device in his hand with a confused face, wondering which one is the best to choose. The meaning revealed by the picture is that reality shows have hit into our common cultural market. On the one hand, not only does this sort of consumer culture drives the improvement of cultural industry, but also it exerts a strong influence on our daily life, such as being informed of local customs and folklore from place to place, relieving the pressure derived from our working class’regular work and so on. On the other hand, it is the wide spread of this form of entertainment that makes it difficult to present the real, cultural contents but only stays in the half-hearted nature. What’s worse, what the increasing imitative behaviors brings about, to a new high, is the national over-consumption. As for me, the type of reality shows is a special product of the economic and social development that produces more benefits but less adverse impact. However, it is imperative for us, common people, to take a rational yet responsible attitude to the life we lead, especially the kind of activity we are obsessed with.
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/066643375.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/066643375.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
2018考博英语写作各部分万能模板 开头万能模板： 1．开头万能模板一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！ 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？ 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言） It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言） 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2．开头万能模板二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by Bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： A recent statistics shows that … 结尾万能模板： 1．结尾万能模板一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！ 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型：
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
华中科技大学2018年博士研究生 入学考试试题 完型较难，阅读题库只看到两篇，翻译较简单。 一、完型选择（0.5分*20=10分） 关于对川普的评价，较难，没怎么看懂 二、阅读理解（四篇阅读、每篇5道题，2分*20=40分） 前两篇是题库里GRE的，后两篇没印象，感觉难度与GRE差不多，看过的同学请补充。 第一篇 The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others. The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the
电子系统设计专题实验报告
实验一、基于 AVR ATMega128 的硬件(PCB)设计 一、 实验目的和要求
目的： (1)掌握印制电路板设计的基本原则及印制电路板的设计制作流程。 (2)掌握 Protel DXP 2004 SP2 软件的基本功能。 (3)在 Protel DXP 2004 SP2 软件平台，完成电路图到 PCB 图的设计制作过 程。 要求： (1)根据实验要求， 完成原理图的设计，并在 Protel DXP 2004 SP2 软件平台 上设计制作出相应的 PCB 图。 (2)要求 PCB 图布局布线美观，抗干扰性能强。图中所用到的元件封装必须 符合实际的元件尺寸。
二、 实验设备及设计开发环境
操作系统: XP 软件：Protel DXP 2004 SP 2
三、 实验内容
根据 ATMega128 的电路图设计一个单片机电路板，其中包括基本电路、复位 电路、时钟振荡器（ISP、键盘、RT Clock）。 MCU 原理图如图
四、 实验步骤
1. 创建新的工程项目，并新建原理图图纸 2. 设置工程参数，包括基本原理图参数设置。 3. 绘制原理图：在元件库中查找所用元件，并进行必要说明，如标签、总线、 端口等。 4. 放置各个模块与图纸合适位置，方便之后端口的对接及导入。 5. 对原理图进行电气检查，编译查错时，直至消除后保存原理图。 6. 创建新的 PCB 文件，并对 PCB 进行正确合理的参数设置（注意：在设置尺 寸时，不宜设置太小，不利于元件布局及布线），保存文件。 7. 导入原理图，将元件合理放置，原则：组合功能的元件（键盘开关）有序放 置在一起，使得各个元件布线交叉尽可能的少。 8. 对电路板自动布线，进行规则检查，注意检查 PCB 有没有缺线、缺元件的 情况修改错误的地方，并注意印刷线路的宽度设置，不宜太宽。 9. 重复步骤 8，对电路板布局不断进行修改优化，直到 PCB 的规则检查没有
第一个人：我报考的是西安交大机械学院的博士生，只考一门英语，主要内容就是英汉互译。如果平时看的文献较多，且对专业术语了解较好，那翻译部分基本就没问题了，不过文字的表述还是非常重要的。英译汉部分有一题是关于机械加工方法的，另外两题记不清具体内容了。汉译英部分有两题，其中一题是关于数控机床方面的，另外一题是关于激光金属直接成形方面的。 还有一个大题，简述硕士期间的工作成果以及实际应用价值，用英文，要求250字以内。 考试时间是3小时，时间刚好够用，英译汉后面两题做的不好。 大概内容就这些，希望大家多多交流…… 第二人 回忆不太全，希望大家补充西交机械专业的英语近几年已经取消，04年是马玉录、刘东学主编的教材（化学工业出版社），这是我到西交读博事才知道的。不过结合我考试的题目来看，看这本书的作用不是很大，我也没看过这本书，考试题目遍及了许多机械、材料，机械电子、信息、能量、科幻的知识。例外，考博是可以带电子词典的，大家做题时不要惊慌，先把会做的做好，我考试成绩为66分，估计及格线在50分以上，祝大家考博顺利，也希望大家考博成功以后能多发paper。 下面是回忆的题型 一共四道大题，包括7个小题，其中第7道题是对硕士阶段所做工作总结，为选做题，不计入总分。 第一大题是撰写专业英语，包括2小题，给出了中文摘要，让翻译成英文。 第1题与几何测量、材料成型、板材成型、仿真模拟、测试有关。Key words是：几何测量、板材成型、测定标准（20分） 第2题与电学、电焊接相关。加热电阻丝、电阻导致温度、温度场等。其中关键名词已经给出翻译（20分）。Key words是电阻丝、温度场、机械加工、测试第二大题是英译汉。给出3段英文，让翻译成中文 第1题是：机械工程师、机械设计所涉及的领域而被人纵所周知、涉及工程师的发明——功率消耗装置、功率产生装置：包括发动机、船舶、汽车、机械制造、自动机器人、人造器官、发电机等、芯片手机或者说是超薄手机。最后说明机械无处不在（15分） 第2题是：这题比较简单，我很快做完了：全球化的普及，该段提到产品可以在美国设计、在日本制造，在中国台湾组装，在中国大陆出售，也可以是虚拟计划在香港设计、在欧洲实行的，随着信息的爆炸，顾客对全球化产品也有了足够的了解，或者说进一步了解，占有市场、让概念深入人心才是公司赢得全球化的关键（15分） 第3题是：人类想象现在机械发展有多快、举了在美国一个科幻电影在20年后变成现实的例子。还包括开发外星球不知名的无机物给太阳系的人们使用，指出人类的想法是奇特甚至是荒缪的，但却又是现实合理的。该题还包括：有关于创
2018考博英语作文万能句型 开头 1：It is well-known to us that……(我们都知道……)==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …( 就我所知…) 2：Recently the problem of……has been brought into focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……(最近……问题引起了关注) 3：Nowadays(overpopulation)has become a problem we have to face.(现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题) 4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.(互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题) 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……(随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……) 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……(人们一般认为……) 2018考博英语作文万能句型：给出原因 1：The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...) 2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三…… 3：For one thing,……For another thing，……==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面…… 4：I quite agree with the statement that……The reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。 2018考博英语作文万能句型：解决问题 1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;It is obvious that……很显然…… 4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着…… 5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视…… 6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明…… 2018考博英语作文万能句型：表示优劣 1. It has the following advantages. 它有如下优势。 2. It is beneficial/harmful to us.=It is of great benefit/harm to us. 它对我们有益处。 3. It has more disadvantages than advantage. 他有很多不足之处。 2018考博英语作文万能句型：采取措施 1. We should take some effective measures. 我们应该采取有效措施。 2. We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties. 我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难。 3. We should do our utmost in doing sth. 我们应该尽力去做…… 4. We should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难2018考博英语作文万能句型：显示变化 1. Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 过去五年发生了很多变化。 2. Great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications. 在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化。 3. It has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到…。 4. The output of July in this factory increased by 15%. 这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%。2018考博英语作文万能句型：表明事实
2018年中山大考博英语真题 Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. 31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. A) rebuked B）teased C) washed D) accused 32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved 33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable 34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify 35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint 37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling 38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off 39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate 40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain 41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate 42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement 43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled 44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity 46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm
2018考博英语热点材料作文范文：教育类 1. 观点论述 （1）青少年教育 Parents should be sensible enough to（充分意识至U） give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing（经历）more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability（强大白勺个，性和能力）,and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. 父母应该充分意识到：应当给予孩子更多的自由去处理麻烦和问题。只有在困境中经历更多的挑战^艰辛，年轻人才能培养出强大的个性和能力，只有这样, 他们才能在充满竞争的世界中成为胜者。 Many parents exert every effort（竭尽全力）to arrange everything for their children,depriving them of（录!|夺）the opportunities to undergo frustration and ordeaIsW）?） and learn from them so that their grownup children can not deal with the stress from the competitive world and even become the so called "NEETs"（啃老族）.
2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.