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核心素养测评十
必修4Unit 1Advertising
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
I experienced more than I was able to handle as a child. My father was an alcoholic, which resulted in an absolute mess in our family including physical abuse in my parents’ marriage. I was five years old when my parents divorced. My mother worked day and night to support the family. This left me with a lot of time by myself. I never received any encouragement to try out for sports or after school activities. Because of this, I never really thought that I could do it. I think that without a parent’s support and encouragement it’s hard for a teen to set up structure for themselves. Had I experienced the love of my parents, I would have been able to learn how to build confidence, friendships, team work and good decision-making skills.
But that was not my reality. Reality was that I fell in with the wrong crowd. I made some bad choices with friends. As I met more people who
partied, took drugs and alcohol, I began to follow them. Before I knew it, all I cared about was how I was going to get high. The drugs were finally filling the void(空虚) that my parents left.
My mom was angry and let me know how much I was letting her down but I didn’t know how to stop and I couldn’t picture my life without the drugs. I became mean to protect my using drugs at any cost. I was angry at her because it seemed as if I was not important to her. The one thing about my mom was that she did not give up. I not only needed treatment to fight my addiction, but needed help to remove what I had been carrying around for years. Professionals were able to help us heal together. They were able to help my mom learn how to push me when I needed it, and communicate with an angry teenager.
We didn’t take the route that most mothers and daughters take in life, but we are proof that addiction doesn’t have to tear a family ap art forever. 【文章大意】本文属于记叙文。主要讲述的是一个毒瘾少年的心声。
1. Why did parents’ divorce have an effect on the author?
A. Because he developed the bad habit of playing.
B. Because he lost his self-confidence in many ways.
C. Because he never had belief in parents and friends.
D. Because he couldn’t get on well with his classmates.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的描述可知, 作者由于父母的离婚, 对他打击很大。从最后一句可知, 他失去了自信, 故选B。
2. If the author’s parents had a good marriage, what would he do all except?
A. He would have more good friends.
B. He would do well in making good decisions.
C. He would develop excellent teamwork spirits.
D. He would have the ability to become a good athlete.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。作者在第一段最后一句假设的情况下谈到. . . build confidence, friendships, team work and good decision-making skills. 可判断, 其目的是要告诉人们, 如果自己的父母婚姻幸福, 又爱自己, 那么自己就可以做到有自信心, 有友谊, 能团队合作及好的决策技能, 故应选D。
3. Why did the author start taking drugs?
A. Because he was tired of this boring life.
B. Because he wanted to create a new life.
C. Because his parents never showed love to him.
D. Because he made some friends with bad habits.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的描述可知, 作者由于择友不当, 导致了吸毒, 故选D。
4. What did the author do for fighting his addiction?
A. He showed respect to his mother.
B. He accepted advice from professionals.
C. He couldn’t tear himse lf away from drugs.
D. He argued strongly with the professionals.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后三句的描述可知, 作者应该是接受这些专业人士的建议去戒毒, 故选B。
B
(2020年山东新高考模拟) Why go to Madrid?
There may be a slight chill(寒冷) in the air, with temperatures staying around 15℃in March, but S pain’s handsome capital is slowly starting to warm up. Even more attractive are the cultural events.
A new exhibition on the living and working spaces of Spain’s greatest artist, Picasso, has just opened in the studio at the Fundacion Mapfre at Paseo de Recoletos 23. It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family.
Later this summer, the 400th anniversary of the death of the Renaissance(文艺复兴) painter EI Greco will be marked with an exciting exhibition at the Museo del Prado at Paseodel Prado from 24 June to 5 October.
How to go?
The widest range of flights is offered by EasyJet—from Bristol, Edinburgh, Gatwick, Liverpool and Luton. British Airways and its sister airline Iberia combine forces from Heathrow and London City. Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted; Air Europa flies from Gatwick.
Barajas airport is 13km north-east of the city centre and is served by frequent trains on Metro line 8, but the shortest underground journey is a bit complex with at least one change at Nuevos Ministerios station and takes about 30 minutes. The fare to any station in the city centre is 4. 50. The airport express bus runs every 15 to 35 minutes around the clock; 5 one way. It takes 40 minutes to reach the city centre. A taxi takes half the time. A flat rate of 30 covers most of central Madrid.
【文章大意】本文是应用文。介绍了西班牙首都马德里的旅游信息。
5. When will the exhibition about Picasso close?
A. On 23 March.
B. On 11 May.
C. On 24 June.
D. On 5 October.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“It runs until 11 May with rarely seen pieces borrowed from his family”可知, 展览会将持续到5月11日。故选B。
6. Which airline operates flights from Manchester to Madrid?
A. EasyJet.
B. Ryanair.
C. Air Europa.
D. British Airways.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Ryanair flies from Manchester and Stansted”可知, 航空公司Ryanair的航班从曼彻斯特和斯坦斯特德起飞。故选B。
7. What is the fastest way to reach central Madrid from Barajas airport?
A. Take a taxi.
B. Take a city bus.
C. Take Metro Line 8.
D. Take the airport express bus.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“A taxi takes half the time. ”可知, 乘出租车只花一半的时间, 时间最短。故选A。
Ⅱ.
1When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture.
For example, someone might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery(彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for one hundred dollars! ”
2Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. 3
Some politi cians often use this trick. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. 4One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs! ” That’s true. However, an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two million jobs. ”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. 5An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Y ucky Pills to cure toothache. ” It fails to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Company. This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
A. This guy’s a winner, right?
B. Then she seeks another term.
C. Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive?
D. Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just dishonest.
E. Half-truths are aimed at economic and social science academics.
F. It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with truth.
G. When it comes to advertisements, we must all use our intelligence and not be a slave to them!
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文, 论述了很多表述的内容是正确的, 但是省略了重要的事实, 就成了谎言。
1. 【解析】选C。根据下文When someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important information that should be included, he can give you a false picture. 可知, 当有人告诉你的某件事是真的, 但遗漏了重要的信息时, 他会给你一个错误的印象。故C项Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive? (你知道有谁用事实来欺骗吗? )
切题。
2. 【解析】选A。根据下文Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. 可知, A 项This guy’s a winner, right? (这个人是赢家, 对吧? )切题。关键词winner。
3. 【解析】选D。根据上文He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. 可知, 他没有说任何虚假的东西, 但他故意漏掉了重要的信息。这就叫做半事实。故D项Half-truths are not technically lies, but they are just dishonest. (半真半假并不是技术上的谎言, 但它们只是不诚实。)切题。关键词Half-truths。
4. 【解析】选B。根据上文Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. (假设在史密斯州长的最后一届任期内, 这个州失去了100万个工作岗位, 并获得了300万个工作岗位。)及下文One of her opponents says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs! ”That’s true. (她的一个反对者说: “在史密斯州长任期内, 这个州失去了100万个工作岗位! ”这是真的。)可知, B项Then she seeks another term. (然后她又找了另一个任期。)切题。
5. 【解析】选F。根据上文Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. (广告商有时会使用半真半假。)及下文An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised thei r patients to take Yucky Pills to cure
toothache. ”(一则广告可能会说: “十分之九的医生建议他们的病人服用Yucky Pills来治疗牙痛。”)可知。F项It’s against the law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with truth. (做虚假陈述是违法的, 所以他们试图用事实来误导你。)切题。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. leave out遗漏, 省略
2. on purpose 故意地
3. opponent n. 对手, 竞争者, 反对者
4. net gain 净增益, 净增加
5. deception n. 欺骗, 蒙骗
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whether they’re playing on TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere.
Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 1. (live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve 2.
a window into cultures, societies and history.
Modern adverts began to appear in 3. 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 4. (produce) in newspapers and magazines.
Looking at some of these early ads 5. (be) like taking a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes
6. (promise) that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers to mix the sugary soft drink with
7. (they) baby’s mi lk.
Nowadays, of course, the harmful 8. (effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. But although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today’s ads to be just as strange. 9. is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be 10. (social) acceptable and desirable at the time.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具, 它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。
1. 【解析】living。考查现在分词。句意: 事实上, 生活在城市里的普通人每天看到成千上万的广告是很正常的。本空修饰名词person, 且person与动词live在逻辑上是主动关系, 故本空应用现在分词living 作定语。
2. 【解析】as。考查介词。句意: 然而, 广告不仅仅是一种让人们购买物品的工具, 它也是文化、社会和历史的窗口。serve as意为“充当,
起作用”, 故本空应填介词as。
3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 现代广告在18世纪和19世纪开始出现, 因为印刷技术的进步允许在报纸和杂志上制作更详细的图片。根据空后18th and 19th centuries可知, 本空应用定冠词the。
4. 【解析】to be produced。考查动词不定式。allow sb. /sth. to do sth. 意为“允许某人/某物做某事”。且detailed images与动词produce在逻辑上是被动关系, 故本空应用to be produced。
5. 【解析】is。考查时态及主谓一致。句意: 看一看这些早期的广告, 就像倒退一步回到另一个时代。根据句意可知, 本句应用一般现在时; 且本句主语为动名词短语, 故本空应用第三人称单数is。
6. 【解析】promised。考查一般过去时。句意: 例如, 1881年的一则法国香烟广告承诺其产品将“立即缓解”包括呼吸问题在内的一系列疾病。根据an 1881 advert可知, 本空应用一般过去时promised。
7. 【解析】their。考查代词。句意: 1955年美国的一则广告建议母亲们将含糖的软饮料和她们婴儿的牛奶混合起来。根据空后名词baby’s milk可知, 本空应用形容词性物主代词their。
8. 【解析】effects。考查名词复数。句意: 当然, 现在吸烟和含糖饮料的有害影响是众所周知的。根据谓语动词中have been well known 可知, 本空应用名词复数形式effects。
9. 【解析】It。考查it作形式主语。句意: 人们认为, 广告往往可以作为当时社会上可以接受和受欢迎的事物的标志。本句中that引导的主语从句作真正的主语, 故本空应用it作形式主语。
10. 【解析】socially。考查副词。本空修饰形容词acceptable and desirable, 故应用副词形式。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
It is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
分析: 本句中It作形式主语, that引导的主语从句作真正的主语; what 引导宾语从句, 作介词for的宾语。
翻译: 人们认为, 广告往往可以作为当时社会上可以接受和受欢迎的事物的标志。
阅读理解
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job.
Let’s take a man we’ll call Mr Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn’t make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了广告的起源。
1. What probably led to the start of advertisement?
A. The discovery of iron.
B. The specialization of labor.
C. The appearance of new jobs.
D. The development of farming techniques.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job. 可知, 劳动的专业化可能促进了广告的产生, 故B项正确。
2. To advertise his plows, Mr Plowright .
A. praised his plows in public
B. placed a sign outside the shop
C. hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D. showed his products to the customers
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. 可知, Plowright为了宣传他的犁, 在商店外放了一个牌子来吸引客户, 故B 项正确。
3. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr Fielder and Mr Plowright in order to .
A. explain the origin of advertising
B. predict the future of advertising
C. expose problems in advertising
D. provide suggestions for advertising
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Many historians believe
that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. 可知, 许多历史学家相信5 000年以前, 最初的户外标识被使用。由此可以推断出作者讲这两个故事是为了说明广告的起源, 故A项正确。【知识拓展】长难句分析
1. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them.
分析: 本句中第一个it作形式主语, 第一个that引导主语从句, 在句中作真正的主语; 第二个that引导同位语从句, 作名词discovery的同位语。
翻译: 有可能是它(广告)源于这个发现, 有些人某些工作比其他人做得更好。
2. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier.
分析: 本句中现在分词短语Using what he knew about farming and working with iron作方式状语; that引导定语从句, 修饰名词plow。
翻译: 利用他所知道的农业知识和与铁打交道的知识, 普罗赖特先生发明了一种使耕作更容易的犁。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Many small-business owners watched recent revelations about Facebook with mixed emotions. Like most Americans, they were
surprised to discover how much information the social media giant collected on its users. But when it comes to small businesses, Facebook is an important advertising platform, not easy to replace.
Let’s say you own a small seafood restaurant, and Tuesday nights are $1 oyster(牡蛎)nights. Traditional advertising methods cost a lot and must be planned long in advance, and it’s hit-or-miss as to whether you actually get in front of oyster eaters. With Facebook, on Tuesday morning, with a few clicks, you can target Facebook users in your Zip code who love oysters and eating out (and are over age 21, so they can buy drinks, which is why you have $1 oyster nights). And you can do this for as little as $20.
In my work with small businesses for more than 25 years, I’ve never seen a more effective method of micro-targeting prospects. Though Facebook is an effective tool for small businesses, advertising does not justify(证明合理) the company’s collecting vast amounts of data or allowing users’ data to be invaded.
“Our primary concern was people’s experience on Facebook, ” said Dan Levy, Facebook’s Vice President, “Our teams have also been speaking to small businesses, and they want to make sure we’re addressing the situation, and we are. ”
One concern small businesses want Facebook to address is protecting their uploaded lists. No one wants their customers’
information misused or accessed by others, especially competitors.
Small-business owners are rightfully concerned about privacy. They don’t want Facebook to know everything about them, and they don’t want their customer list to be let out to others.
But small businesses don’t want to lose this effective advertising medium, either. Most Facebook ads are not invasive or offensive. And many receivers may actually benefit from receiving highly targeted ads—after all, those oyster lovers like learning about Tuesday nights—$1 oyster nights.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。Facebook是小企业广告的有效工具, 但是它也存在泄露企业顾客的私人信息等弊端, 让小企业对它爱恨交加。
1. How does the author explain Facebook’s function in Paragraph 2?
A. By performing an experiment.
B. By giving an example.
C. By analyzing the data.
D. By leading a survey.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据Let’s say you own a small seafood restaurant, and Tuesday nights are $1 oyster nights. 可知, 第二段主要通过举小海鲜餐厅的例子来解释Facebook平台如何使小企业受益。
2. What is the author’s attitude towards Facebook mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. Supportive.
B. Objective.
C. Doubtful.
D. Respectful.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中Though Facebook is an effective tool for small businesses, advertising does not justify the company’s collecting vast amounts of data or allowing users’ data to be invaded. 可知, 作者肯定了Facebook但是又指出它的弊端。由此可推断, 作者的态度是客观公正的。Supportive支持的; Objective客观的; Doubtful怀疑的; Respectful恭敬的。
3. What makes small businesses concerned about Facebook according to the text?
A. What people experience on Facebook.
B. That Facebook updates the lists constantly.
C. That Facebook will let out their customers’ privacy.
D. That their competitors benefit more from Facebook.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知, 小企业担心Facebook平台会泄露他们顾客的隐私。
4. What can be the best title of the text?
A. Facebook is benefiting small business
B. Facebook, a powerful advertisement tool
C. Facebook is protecting customers’ privacy
D. Facebook, a mixed bag for small business
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述小企业主对Facebook复
杂的情绪。解释Facebook平台如何使小企业受益, 但小企业主担心Facebook平台会泄露他们顾客的隐私。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. revelation n. 被暴露的真相, 被曝光的秘闻
2. hit-or-miss adj. 无计划的, 随意的, 漫不经心的
3. invade vt. 侵略, 侵犯
4. privacy n. 隐私
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary went on a field trip to Washington, DC. Terence heard about the exciting trip, and was 1to go next year.
Terence asked his parents 2if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents 3. He had almost a year to earn $150. His first idea was to earn money by baby-sitting, and he typed a nice letter 4that he would baby-sit during his neighbors’5. He named a few afternoons available and said he would 6$1 per hour per child. After five baby-sitting sessions, he earned $45.
When the 7weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors’ doors to ask if they needed help with 8work. He helped with mowing (修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his
money and determined that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) 9for a job for him. He got a job delivering newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 10each Wednesday. It wasn’t long before he had 11 money to go on the trip to Washington, DC. He was 12in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they 13him. What a great feeling! He helped 14the cost of his trip.
This experience 15Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了布鲁克斯通小学的五年级学生特伦斯非常渴望明年去华盛顿特区进行实地考察旅行。后来, 特伦斯自己辛苦地打工赚取了足够旅行的钱, 实现了自己的梦想。
1. A. dying B. grateful C. lucky D. proud
【解析】选A。根据下文Terence asked his parents if they would pay for half of the trip可知, 特伦斯渴望明年去旅行。be dying to do sth. 意为“渴望做某事”。grateful感激的; lucky幸运的; proud骄傲的。
2. A. curiously B. casually
C. anxiously
D. briefly
【解析】选C。根据下文if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself可知, 特伦斯焦急地(anxiously)问他的父母, 如果他自己赚了另一半钱, 他们是否愿意付一半的旅费。