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2015年高考英语试题分类解析 代词、介词和介词短语

2015年高考英语试题分类解析 代词、介词和介词短语
2015年高考英语试题分类解析 代词、介词和介词短语

2015年高考英语试题分类解析代词、介词和介词短语

1.【2015·重庆】

2. The meeting will be held in September, but____ knows the date for sure.

A.everybody

B. nobody

C. anybody

D. somebody

【答案】B

【解析】句意:会议将在九月举行,但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有

人知道,故选B项。

【考点定位】考查代词。

【名师点睛】这道题考查不定代词,题目难度不大,不定代词的运用要根据题目中所给的语

境,及关键词来进行确定。Somebody一般用于肯定的陈述句中,anybody多用于否定句,

疑问句或条件句中,everybody用于肯定句;nobody表示没人或没有人;根据语境中的but

可知表示转折,故暗示没有人知道确切的日期。

2.【2015·重庆】10. Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃

____ the average.

A. below

B. on

C. at

D. above

【答案】D

【解析】句意:去年是有纪录以来最热的一年,全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ,宾语补足above the average。

【考点定位】考查介词。

【名师点睛】with的复合结构中,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词和代词充当,第二部分补

足语由形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式或分词充当。而本题考查with +名词/代词+介

词短语,而介词的使用则根据当时语境的提示来做出相应的变化即句中的the warmest year on

record起重要作用,可知高出平均气温。

3.【2015·浙江】3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land

and sea?

A. about

B. to

C. with

D. over 【答案】B

【解析】句意:你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家?home to sth 固定搭配,是

什么的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句,其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈

述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and

sea? 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。

【考点定位】考查介词

【名师点睛】本题考查到了分析句子成分的能力。当遇到一个句子比较复杂的时候,比如含有从句或疑问句时,要划分句子成分。对于疑问句,首先把它转化为陈述句,然后找出句子的主谓宾,把那一些修饰成分去掉,最后就可以知道该题考查的是be home to sth.

4.【2015·浙江】12. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

A. them

B. one

C. those

D. it

【答案】D

【解析】句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句((if)和两个并列句(and) 这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like_一一一一.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。

【考点定位】考查代词It

【名师点睛】it 为形式宾语,其后的不定式为真正的宾语。一般说来,当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是:动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。另外,某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词,如like, enjoy, love, hate等,往往不能直接接宾语从句,需要用it作形式宾语.

5.【2015·浙江】17. These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

A. in memory of

B. in response to

C. in touch with

D. in possession of

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 意为纪念,B. in response to意为回应,C. in touch with意为联系,D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。

【考点定位】考查介词短语

【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词+介词的形式,本句另外还含有一个过去分词(asked by local newsmen)作定语的用法。

6.【2015·天津】2. The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.

A. that

B. one

C. it

D. this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education,故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。

【考点定位】考查代词。

【名师点睛】本题考查代词辨析。代词it, one和that都指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it 指代同名同物;one与that则指代同名异物,但one为泛指, 相当于a/an+名词,只可代指可数名词;that为特指, 相当于the +名词,可以代指不可数名词。one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。

7.【2015·浙江】10. Most people work because it’s unavoidable. , there are some people who actually enjoy work.

A. As a result

B. In addition

C. By contrast

D. In conclusion 【答案】C

【解析】句意:很多人工作是因为这是不可避免的,相反,有一些人是的确喜欢工作的。根据前后的意思,可以知道前后是表示对比。A意为结果,B意为此外,C意为相反,D意为结论。“不可避免”表述到一种无奈,也就是说,很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表达是“事实上有些人喜欢工作”,“喜欢”和“不得不”刚好构成一种否定,所以答案只能是选C。【考点定位】考查介词短语

【名师点睛】本题关键词是不可避免unavoidable. 本题需要通过分析句子成分,判断前后的意思是相反的。介词的短语的考查,四个选项意思都是相差很大的,该题需要能够正确理解句子隐含意思。平时要注重识记介词短语的,另外这些介词短语表达可以运用在写作中。

8.【2015·陕西】12. The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street.

A. on

B. by

C. in

D. at

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这个小学生拉住他奶奶的膀子和她一起穿过街道。take sb. by the arm拉住某人的膀子,所以选B。

【考点定位】考查介词

【名师点睛】介词的考查一般与方位有关,也有的是一些习惯搭配,这题就是这样。take sb by the arm拉住某人的膀子,如果是“打某人的脸”就是hit sb in the face。如果是“打某人的后背”就是用hit sb on the back。

9.【2015·陕西】13. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .

A. another

B. the other

C. other

D. either

【答案】B

【解析】句意:为了提醒自己,这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other,所以选B。

【考点定位】考查代词

【名师点睛】考查代词的题目首先要弄清它指代的是什么,指代的数量,结合句意和代词本身的用法,再进行辨析。如果是一些相似的、易混的代词如another;the other;other;others ,就要弄清它们之间的差别。结合上下文句意来进行判断。

10.【2015·福建】21.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but

contained any useful suggestions.

A. all

B. none

C. either

D. Neither

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。该句中A.all全部;B.none没有一个;C.either两个中任何一个;

D.两者都不。根据该句意思:那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告,但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D本题考查副词辨析,要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。

【考点定位】考查副词辨析。

【名师点睛】本题考查副词辨析,neither是一个否定副词,副词的作用是修饰形容词,动词,副词或句子。这里的是用来修饰动词contain。副词最普遍的结构是以ly结尾,但是也有一

些其他的副词,比如so、however、beside、neither、nor等。考生在进行解题时也要注意句子整体意思的把握,以便找到合适的词。

11.【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform.

A. of

B. on

C. to

D. with

【答案】A

【解析】考察介词辨析。A.of表示关于,表示从属关系;B.on表示在…之上;C.to表示对于;D.with表示和…在一起。该句意思为:他们共有的关于他们学校的记忆是校服。故选A 【考点定位】考查介词辨析。

【名师点睛】介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。本题考查的介词短语结构是介词+名词的形式。需要考生掌握好相应介词的功能.

12.【2015·福建】32.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live_________nature.

A. in view of

B. in need of

C.in touch with

D. in harmony with 【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析A. in view of在…眼里;B.in need of需要,;C.in touch with和…接触,D. In harmony with与…和谐相处。这四个短语后面都应该接名词,该句意思为:人的生活是自然的一部分,因此,我们生存下来的唯一的方法就是与自然和谐相处。根据句意,故选D.

【考点定位】考查介词短语辨析

【名师点睛】短语辨析和单词的考察在试卷中经常出现。通常在介绍一个词语的时候会顺带着列出其固定搭配的短语。对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。当然介词短语的记忆可以结合具体介词以及主要的名词的意思来进行记忆。

13.【2015·江苏】34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _______ Thomas Edison.

A. thanks to

B. regardless of

C. aside from

D. but for

【答案】D

【解析】句意:要不是爱迪生的发明,今天我们身边享用的很多东西都将不复存在。A项“多

亏”,具有很强的迷惑性,如将题干改成“_______ Thomas Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things around us.”则选A项;B项“不管,不顾”;C项“除了”;D项“要不是”,常用于隐藏式(含蓄式)虚拟条件句。故选D项。

【考点定位】介词短语辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。但很容易发现,A、C两项都可以表示“因为”,但but for还可以用于虚拟语气。因此,考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语,重点关注他们用法上的区别。

14.【2015·安徽】33.They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

A. out of date

B. out of order

C. around the clock

D. around the corner

【答案】D

【解析】句意:他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的方面的变化。A过时的;B 发生故障的;C昼夜不停地;D即将来临。故选D.

【考点定位】考查介词短语

【名师点睛】解答本题需要结合四个选项的意思和句意综合考虑,四个短语的意思分别是“过时的”;“出故障的”;“昼夜不停的”和“即将到来的”。根据“will”可知是将要发生的事情,四个选项中,只有D项表示将来。

15.【2015·湖北】30.This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you _____ that if you smoked here you would be fined.

A.in advance

B.in detail

C. in total

D.in general

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你:如果你在这里吸烟,会被罚款。A项“提前”;B项“详细地”;C项“总共,总计”;D项“大体上,笼统地”。故选A项。

【考点定位】介词短语辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况,因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外,考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。

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