Unit 1
Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1.(L. 7) attach: vt. fasten or join (one thing to another)
* She attached an antenna to the radio.
(=A tag was attached to each article.)
Pattern: attach sth. to sth.
be attached to sth.
2. (L. 21) initial: adj. of or at the beginning; first
最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。
(=The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.)
*the initial letter of a word 一个词的首字母
3. (L. 25) await: vt. wait for
* He was anxiously awaiting her reply.
他早就期待着这个时刻了。
(=He has long awaited this moment.)
4. (L. 25) on occasion: now and then
* It has, on occasion, created trouble for the bank.
你有时使人们感到诧异。
(=You have on occasion surprised people.)
CF: on occasion & on the occasion of
这两个词组非常相似，但意思不同。
on occasion有时，间或。
on the occasion of在… 之际。
* on the occasion of sb.'s wedding
5. (L. 26) neglect: vt. give too little attention or care to
* neglect one's meals and sleep
离开时别忘了锁门。
(=Don't neglect to lock the door when you leave.)
CF: neglect, ignore & omit
这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。
neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。例如：
*Those who neglect their duties should be punished. 玩忽职守者应受惩罚。
*Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation. 他们为什么老是不注意遵守交通规则呢？
ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。
例如：
*When I saw Tom, I stopped to greet him, but he ignored me and walked on.
当我看到汤姆时，我停下来和他打招呼，但他没有理我继续往前走。
*The teacher ignored my difficult questions. 老师对我的难题置之不理。
omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。例如：
*She should not omit to visit the museum. 她不应忘了去参观博物馆。
*The third part of the book may be omitted. 该书的第三部分可以删掉。
6. (L. 28) relevant: adj. directly connected with the subject
(=His color is not relevant to whether he's a good lawyer.)
该证据与此案有关。
(=The evidence is relevant to the case.)
Pattern: be relevant to
7.(L. 29 ) investigate:
1. vt. try to find out information about
* Scientists are investigating how the plane crash occurred.
* If you hear such a rumor, investigate it thoroughly.
2. vi. make a detailed inquiry
*investigate into an affair
*investigate into a rumor
CF: investigate, examine & inspect
这几个词都有调查、检查之意。
investigate 较正式，指有条不紊地进行调查研究以发现事实真相，更常用以说明调查案件、情况、背景来历等。例如：
*They investigated the cause of the accident. 他们调查了事故的原因。
*The police are investigating the murder. 警方正在调查这件谋杀案。
examine 是普通用语，指仔细地检查某人或物。该词还指官方主持的检查或医生进行的诊察，也表示对某种观点的讨论研究，更指考试。例如：
*They examined our passports very carefully. 他们仔细检查了我们的护照。
*An optician is qualified to examine your eyes and prescribe glasses. 眼科医生有资
格来检查你的眼睛并给你配眼镜。
inspect 较正式，用得不如examine广泛，指对某人或某物进行检查、查问，带有揭示其差异或缺陷的意思。更常指官员们的视察以发现下属单位的缺点等，还指检阅军队。
例如：
*The firemen were inspecting the warehouse for potential fire hazards. 消防人员正在
检查仓库以防火灾。
*Every length of cloth is inspected before it leaves the factory. 出厂之前每寸布匹都
检查过。
8. (L. 30) throw light on: help understanding
* These facts throw new light on the matter.
这些事实使人进一步了解此事。
9. (L. 34) exception: n. sb./sth. that a comment or statement does not apply to
(=There is an exception to this grammatical rule.)
这是那项规定的一个明显的例外。
(= This is an apparent exception to the rule.)
Pattern: an exception to
Collocation:
with many/few exceptions 有很多/很少例外
without exception 毫无例外，一律
with the exception of 除…之外
make an exception of 把...作为例外
make no exceptions 不容许有例外；一视同仁
10. (L. 39) desirable: adj. worth having as by being useful, advantageous, or pleasing; worth
achieving
* Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store.
* It is most desirable that he should attend the conference.
NB: antonym: undesirable
11. (L. 41) accomplish: vt. manage to do (sth.)
* She's accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.
这项任务不是在一代人的时间里所能完成的。
(= The task will not be accomplished in one generation.)
Collocation:
accomplish one's object/goal 达到目的
accomplish one's mission 完成使命
CF: accomplish, complete & finish
这三个词都含“完成”的意思。
accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有取得效果之意。例如：*I don't feel our visit really accomplished anything. 我不认为我们的访问真正取
了什么结果。
complete 比accomplish 具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。例如：
*The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。
finish 在许多情况下可与complete换用, 但不及complete正式，常含有认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰，使之完美的意思。例如：
*Finish the work off before you leave for your holiday. 你去度假前应先把工作做完。12. (L. 43) in due course: at the proper time; eventually
* Be patient. You'll get your promotion in due course.
(声音文件in due course)
(=Your book will be published in due course.)
13. (L. 48) critical: adj.
1) very important
* A second income is critical to the family's well-being.
接下来的两个礼拜对于公司来说是至关重要的。
(=The next two weeks will be critical for the company.)
Collocation :
a critical decision 重大的决定
critical moment 紧要关头，关键时刻
2) very serious or dangerous
严重短缺食物
(=a critical shortage of food)
Collocation:
critical condition 危险状态
a critical illness 重病
14. (L. 50) principal adj. main; chief
* the principal food of the people of India
* the principal rivers of Europe
CF: principal & principle
principal和principle的意思完全不同，但常常被混淆。
principle 仅作名词用，其主要意义指基本的东西或规则和标准。
principal 既是名词又是形容词。作为名词，它一般指居于高位或担任重要角色的人。例如：
a meeting among all the principals in the transaction。作为形容词，它有主要的或
首要的的意思。
15. (L. 50) rear: 1. vt. Bring up and educate; look after (animals)
*rear children
饲养家禽
(=rear poultry)
2. n. back part 后部；背面
* The kitchen is in the rear of the house.
停车场在这建筑物的后边。
(= The parking lot is at the rear of the building.)
16. (L. 52) make up for: repay with sth. good; compensate for
* I didn't travel much when I was younger, but I'm certainly making up for lost time now.
他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。
(=They hurried on to make up for lost time.)
17. (L.59) in retrospect: on evaluating the past; upon reflection
* There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.
(=In retrospect, what I have done is clearly absurd.)
18. (L.64) facility: n.
1) ability to do sth. easily and well
* play the piano with facility
有学习语言的天才
(= have great facility in learning languages)
2) (pl.) equipment, aids, etc. which make it easy to do things
*sports facilities
*There are facilities for cooking in the kitchen.
娱乐设施
(= entertainment facilities)
19. (L. 71) apply: vi.
1) be relevant; have an effect
Pattern: apply to sb./sth.
*What I have said does not apply to you.
教授的这条建议只适用于一些大学生。
(=The advice given by the professor only applies to some of the college students.)
2) write a letter or fill in a form in order to ask formally for sth.
Pattern: apply (to sb.) for sth.
apply to do sth.
*We applied to the authorities for assistance.
他决定申请参加学生会。
(=He decided to apply to join the Student Union.)
20. (L. 79) priority: n. sth. that one must do before anything else
* Study is not on his list of priorities.
道路建设应是予以优先考虑的事。
(=Road building is a first priority.)
21. (L. 82) evolve: vi. develop gradually
Pattern: evolve into 进化成，发展成，逐步形成
evolve from/out of 由…演化而成；从…发展而来
*The early fish have evolved into some 30,000 different species.
这一简单的计划逐步形成为一项复杂的规划。
(= The simple plan evolved into a complicated scheme.)
*Some people believe that we evolved from the apes.
这整个想法是从信口说出的一句话发展而来的。
(= The whole idea evolved from a casual remark.)
22. (L. 85) contrast:
1. v. compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear
Pattern: contrast A with/and B
* In her speech she contrasted the government’s optimistic promises with its
dismal achievements.
我忍不住把她的态度和她朋友的态度作了对比。
(= I cannot help contrasting her attitude with that of her friends.)
Collocation:
contrast sharply/strikingly 形成鲜明的对比
contrast startlingly/strongly 形成惊人的/强烈的对比
2. n. difference between things compared
*The atmosphere of the Second World War in London was a complete contrast to that of the First.
*There is a marked contrast between the group’s actions and its principles.
Collocation: constitute/form a sharp contrast to 与…形成鲜明的对照
intensify/sharpen the contrast 加强对比
reveal/show a contrast 显示出差别
23(L. 87) harbor:
1. vt. keep (sth.) secretly in one’s mind
* He might be harboring a death wish.
* harbor thoughts of revenge
2. n. place of shelter for ships
*The navy has constructed an artificial harbor.
*All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.
24. (L. 89) promote:vt. help to grow or develop
* new efforts to promote the world peace
促进经济发展
(= promote economic growth)
牛奶增进健康。
(= Milk promotes health.)
CF: promote & further
这两个词都可指促使某事物朝着预期的目标发展。
promote 用于事物发展的各个阶段，包括起始阶段。例如：
*promote the understanding between the two countries 促进两国之间的相互了
解
*The audiolingual method should be promoted. 应当推广听说法。
further 则用于除了起始阶段以外的各个发展阶段。例如：
*Getting a scholarship will further her education. 获得奖学金可以使她继续深造。
25. (L. 90) emerge: vi. come out
(声音文件emerge)
(=Eventually the truth of the matter emerged.)
* Large scale industry emerged gradually as technology evolved.
Pattern: emerge from/out of
太阳从云层背后出现。
(=The sun emerges from behind the clouds.)
*New evidence emerged from the investigation.
I t emerges that…
*It later emerged that the driver of the car had been drunk.
26. (L. 98) valid: adj. based on truth or sound reasoning
*This is a valid argument against economic growth.
(=They have valid reasons for refusing to do it.)
27. (L. 99) worthwhile: adj. worth doing; worth the trouble taken
* Here is some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.
这本书值得一读。
(= It’s a worthwhile book.)
28. (L. 101) superior: better than average or than others of the same type
Pattern: be superior to
be superior in
敌军在数量上占优势。
(= The enemies were superior in numbers.)
这条地毯在质量上远远比那条好。
(= This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.)
After Reading
Ⅰ. Useful Expressions
1. 被系在…上be attached to…
2. 探索行为exploratory behavior
3. 偶尔on occasion
4. 父母的责任parental duties
5. 揭示，阐明throw light on
6. 最终目的an ultimate purpose
7. 要做的动作desired action
8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome
9. 关键critical point
10. 育儿观value of child rearing
11. 弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed
12. 回想起来in retrospect
13. 善意的well-intentioned
14. 前来帮助某人come to sb.’s rescue
15. 极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness
16. 适用于apply to
17. 发展到evolve to
18. 发展创造力promote creativity
19. 值得追求的目标worthwhile goals
Unit2
Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1. (L. 2) confront: vt.
1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly
* The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.
* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of
a program in a foreign university.
2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)
军人必须面对危险和死亡。
(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)
* Astronauts have to confront the unknown.
be confronted with: be brought face to face
(=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.)
* conclusions that can be confronted with experience
2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause
* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.
他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
(=They made a generous donation to charity.)
Collocation:
a blood donation 献血
make/give a donation 捐赠
promise a donation 允诺捐助
3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.
* The enemy retreated in great confusion.
他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。
(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)
Collocation:
covered with confusion 非常慌张
in confusion 乱七八糟，处于混乱状态
throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱
N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”，confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。
4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth.
* Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?
(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)
Collocation:
from/out of curiosity 在好奇心驱使下
in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事
Curiosity killed a cat. 好奇伤身。
5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllable
* It’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.
他结结巴巴地道了谢。
(=He stammered his thanks.)
6. (L. 10) deny: vt.
1) say that sth. is not true
* There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930’s.
2) refuse to admit or accept
(=He denied knowing anything about their plans.)
7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)
* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.
请把附表填好。
(=Please fill out the attached blank.)
8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities)
理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营
(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.)
* All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.
9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just
(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.)
这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。
(=It is nothing more than a made-up story.)
10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort
我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。
(=I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.)
* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.
Collocation:
attain one’s goal达到目的
attain the age of 有…岁了
attain the top of a moutain 到达山顶
CF: get, gain, obtain & attain
这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。
get是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于口语中。例如：
* She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping. 她在花样跳绳中得分最高。
gain多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期待的。例如：
* I hope you will gain the victory this time. 我希望你这次获得胜利。
obtain是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果或目的。例如：
* By this method, we obtained a good result. 我们用这种方法获得了好结果。
attain强调达到完美的地步。例如：
* Such a condition is very difficult to attain. 这样的情况是很难达到的。
11. (L. 16) minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible
暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。
(=The storm did only minimal damage.)
* The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year.
N.B.: 该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。
12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them
(=Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.)
* She cherished the child as though he were her own.
Collocation:
cherish fond dreams of 做…的美梦
cherished desire 夙愿
cherish a deep love for 热爱…
13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people
* Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?
她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。
(=The excuse for her absence was obviously fabricated.)
14. (L. 22) tickle: v.
1) amuse and interest
* The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.
* It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.
2) move one’s fingers on a sensitive part of another’s body in a way that makes them
laugh
* She tickled the boy's feet and made him laugh.
婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。
(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)
15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential
(=This point is vital to my argument.)
* The leader’s vita l and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.
Pattern:
be vital to …对…极为重要
16. (L. 25) well off: rich, or having enough money to live well
* The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society.
如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。
(=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)
17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with people’s feelings
(=His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.)
* Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.
18. (L. 26) pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find
我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。
(=We work hard in pursuit of happy life.)
* He exercises every day in pursuit of health.
Collocation:
daily pursuits 日常事务
educational pursuit 教育事业
pursuit of profit 追逐利润
in one’s pursuit of happiness追求幸福
19. (L. 26) out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situation
* Your jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasion.
在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。
(=At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.)
20. (L. 34) in contrast to: when a contrast is made to
* In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.
(=In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.)
21. (L. 35) consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happened
* Jimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence of heavy drinking the night before.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
(=Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.)
Collocation:
as a consequence 因而，结果
in consequence 因此，结果
in consequence of …的结果，因为…的缘故，由于
of consequence 有势力的，重要的
take the consequences 自食其果，承担责任
CF: effect, result & consequence
这三个词都是名词，都有“结果”之意。
effect表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结果或状况。
result表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结果，有“最终的结果”之意。consequence表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a _______ of changes in society.
(=consequence)
2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no ______. (=effect)
3. One of the ______ of this illness is that you lose your hair. (=effects)
4. It repre sents the ______ of ten years’ labor. (=result)
5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social ______. (=consequences)
22. (L. 36) commercial:
1. n. an advertisement on TV or radio
* TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.
2. adj. relating to business
* He left the commercial world to become a government official.
商业函件
(=commercial correspondence)
23. (L. 39) focus: v. concentrate (one’s attention, etc.) on (sth.); concentrate (on sth.)
(=You should focus your attention on your work.)
* The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.
24. (L. 41) affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure
自然资源丰富的土地
(=land affluent in natural resources)
* In an affluent society people can afford to strike a balance between work and life.
CF: rich, wealthy & affluent
这三个词都是形容词，都有“丰富”、“富有”之意。
rich意为“有钱的”、“富有的”，其程度超过正常需要的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产，其引申义为“富于…”。例如：
* The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. 富人更富，穷人更穷。
wealthy指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓，程度可大可小。尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如：
* Some wealthy people are likely to be philanthropists. 有些富人往往是慈善家。affluent意为“富裕的”、“富足的”，尤指家庭和社会，在这一点上相当于wealthy，是较正式用语。例如：
* It’s our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century. 在新世
纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。
25. (L. 43) genuine: adj. real, true
他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。
(=He has a genuine desire to help us.)
* It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.
CF: real, true & genuine
这三个词都是形容词，都有“真的”、“真正的”之意。
real普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。
true强调客观事实与实际情况相符合，兼有real的含义。
genuine指真实性是有据可查的。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. It is _______ that the earth is round. (=true)
2. Is this a ______ Ming vase? (=genuine)
3. This is a story of ______ life. (=real)
4. A mirage is not a ______ object. (=real)
5. ______ silver (=genuine)
26. (L. 45) go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)
* He’s amazingly cheerful considering all that he’s gone through.
孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。
(=When he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.)
(Directions:) Choose the appropriate translation for the expression “go through” in the following sentences.
A.检查、审查、搜查
B.完成、做完
C.遭受、经历
D.看完
D 1. How long will it take to go through the book?
C 2. I’m flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.
A 3.They went through our luggage at the customs.
B 4. With great concentration she went through the movements.
27. (L. 47) linger: vi.
1) last or continue for a long time
* Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.
(=The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.)
2) take a long time to leave or disappear
* He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.
CF: stay, remain & linger
这三个词都是动词，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。
stay是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂时地停留。例如：* My car stays in the garage most of the week. 我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。
remain强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比stay更正式些。例如：
* Little of the original architecture remains. 原来的建筑现在留存很少了。
linger意思是“逗留”、“徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样子。例如：
* He should have gone out, but lingered over his meal till it was too late to catch the train.
他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火车了。
28. (L. 47) individual:
1. n. person considered separately from their society
个人权利
(=rights of individuals)
* The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.
2. adj. of or for one person
* A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual
player on the team.
* She has her own individual way of walking.
29. (L. 52) tangible: adj. that can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel
* Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery,
buildings and land.
(=Sculpture is a tangible art form.)
N.B.: 该词的反义词为intangible。
After Reading
Ⅰ. Useful Expressions
1. 面临，遭遇be confronted with
2. 仰头向上看look up at
3. 填写fill out
4. 属于fall into
5. 仅仅，不多于，不强于nothing more than
6. 转瞬即逝的念头 a passing whim
7. 磨损，损耗wear and tear
8. 虽然，尽管in spite of
9. 期望，盼望look forward to
10. 富裕的，有钱的well off
11. 不自在，格格不入out of place
12. 陈旧的家具dated furniture
13.…之后不久shortly after
14. 走下坡路，失败go south
15. 转折点 a turning point
16. 与…形成对比in contrast to
17. 对…予以注意，致力于focus on
18. 归属感 a sense of belonging
19. 遭遇困难go through a rough time
20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile
21. 为…感恩be thankful for
22. 收入最低的档次the lowest income bracket
23. 创作才能the gift of creativity
24. 对物质财富的追求the pursuit of possessions
Unit 3
Ⅱ. Words and Expressions
1.(Title) know better: behave in a more sensible and acceptable way
* He is old enough to know better.
* 他很明事理，不至于以貌取人。
(=He knows better than to judge by appearances.)
Pattern:
know better than sb.
know better than to do sth.
2.(L.3) location: n. a place or position
* This is a suitable location for a camp.
* 目击者向警察指出事故的确切地点。
(=Witnesses showed the police the exact location of the accident.)
3.(L.10) embarrass: vt. make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamed
* It embarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people.
* I don’t like making speeches in public. It’s so embarrassing.
* I was really embarrassed when I couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.
4.(L.16) dumb: adj.
1)foolish
* That was a dumb thing to do.
* He was so dumb that he left his keys at home again.
2)unable to speak
* The terrible news struck us all dumb.
* 他生来不能说话，但是他设法找到一个好工作。
(=He was born dumb, but he has still managed to get a good job.) 5.(L.18) in unison: acting in the same way at the same time
* All the babies cried in unison.
* 国际社会准备一致反对恐怖主义。
(=The international community is ready to work in unison against terrorism.)
6.(L.20) consist of: be made up of
* The city of New York consists of five boroughs.
* The committee consists of scientists and engineers.
Collocation:
consist in 等于；在于
CF: consist, compose, comprise & constitute
这几个词都是动词，都有“组成”的意思。
consist 是个不及物动词，与介词of一起连用，不可用于被动语态。consist 的主语表示事物的整体，of后的宾语表示事物的组成部分。例如：
* Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。
* North America consists of the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 北美洲
包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥。
compose的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。但在被动语态中正好相反。例如：
* The United States, Canada, and Mexico compose North America. 美国、加
拿大和墨西哥合起来构成北美洲。
* Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。
Comprise用作及物动词，有两种用法：传统规则认为其主语应当为事物的整体，宾语应当为事物的组成部分，词义为“由……组成，由……构成”；另一
种趋势是用comprise表达“组成，构成”的意思，此时其主语为事物的组
成部分，宾语为事物的整体。
* North America comprises the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 北美洲
包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥。
* Ten stories comprise the book. 十个故事组成了这本书。
constitute的主语表示事物的组成部分，宾语表示事物的整体。例如：
* The United States, Canada, and Mexico constitute North America. 美国、
加拿大和墨西哥合起来构成北美洲。
* Seven days constitute a week. 七天为一周。
7.(L.57) fade: vi.
1)lose color or brightness
* The wallpaper has faded.
2)disappear slowly
* The sound of thunder faded away into the distance.
* 随着天气越来越冷，他早锻炼的热情逐渐消失了。
(=Her enthusiasm for early-morning exercises faded as the weather was getting colder and colder.)
Collocation:
fade away 逐渐消失
fade out 逐渐消失；淡出
8.(L.61) overall:
1.adv. in general
* Overall, prices are still rising.
* Overall, I like her, despite her faults.
2.adj. including everything; total (only before noun)
* The overall length of the fish is 3 feet 5 inches.
9.(L.61) trade for: exchange (sth.) for (sth. else)
* They traded their clothes for food.
* 农民用农产品换工具和钱.
(=The farmers traded farm produce for tools and money.)
10.(L.73) keep in suspense: delay telling (sb.) what they are eager to know
* We’ve been kept in suspense waiting for the examination results.
* 观众的悬念一直持续到剧终。
(=The audience is kept in suspense to the very end of the play.)
Collocation:
break the suspense 消除悬念
hold sb. in suspense 使某人处于悬念之中
be in suspense over 对…悬疑不安
11.(L.76) interrupt: v. stop (sb.) from continuing what they are saying or doing
* Stop interrupt me. I’m trying to talk to your mother.
* My daughter kept interrupting me when I spoke.
12.(L.79) bet:
1. vi. be sure
* I bet it will snow tomorrow.
* I bet she was late for the meeting on purpose.
2. v. risk (money) on the result of a future event
* I bet you 5$ that they will win the next election.
* I bet on the wrong horse. It lost the race.
13.(L.81) distract: vt. take (sb.’s attention) away from sth. esp. for a short time
* Don’t distract me from working.
* She was distracted by the noise outside.
* 玩电脑游戏有时让他写作业分心。
(=Playing computer games sometimes distracts him from his homework.)
Pattern:
distract sb./sth.
distract sb./sth. from
14.(L.116) glorious: adj. wonderful
* Look at the glorious colors on the sky.
* It seems a pity to be indoors on such a glorious day.
15.(L.117) hand down: give or leave to people who are younger or come later
* The gold watch has been handed down from my grandfather.
* 她有一些珠宝，是从她祖母那儿传下来的。
(=She had some jewelry, which had been handed down from her grandmother.)