26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
Aa [e]
Bb [bi:]
Cc [si:]
Dd [di:]
Ee [i:]
Ff [ef]
Gg [d i:]
Hh [e t∫]
I i [ɑ]
J j [d e]
K k [ke]
L l [el]
Mm [em]
N n [en]
O o [?u]
P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:]
R r [ɑ:]
S s [es]
T t [ti:]
U u [ju:]
V v [vi:]
W w [′dΛblju:]
X x [eks]
Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标: [e] [e t∫] [d e] [ke]
2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:] 3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]
5) 含元音音素[ɑ] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ] Yy 音标: [wɑ]
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中读[e]如：n a me pl a ne J a ne
b a by
c a ke
在闭音节中[?]如：b a g d a d h a t m a p bl a ck b a ck
e 在开音节中[i:]h e th e se m e Chin e se
在闭音节中[e]b e d l e t p e n d e sk y e s e gg
i 在开音节中[ɑ]b i ke dr i ve t i me n i ce k i te
在闭音节中[?]f i sh b i g d ri nk s i t m i lk sw i m
o 在开音节中[?u]th o se cl o se g o h o me n o
在闭音节中[D] cl o ck n o t b o x sh o p s o ck
u 在开音节中[ju:] st u dent exc u se d u ty T u esday
在闭音节中[Λ]b u s c u p j u mp m u ch l u nch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,
例如:J u ne bl u e r u ler s u per
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?]Chin a a nother wom a n breakf a st
[ ] or a nge comr a de vill a ge cabb a ge
e [?]hundr e d stud e nt op e n week e nd
[] chick e n pock e t b e gin childr e n
i [?]/[?] hol i day beaut i ful fam i ly an i mal
[a]exerc i se satell i te
o [?] sec o nd t o night someb o dy welc o me
[?u]als o zer o ph o t o
u [?]aut u mn diffc u lt
[ju:]pop u lar congrat u lation Jan u ary
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读音,例如:oper a te
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、l、r、s后面时,读[u(:)]音, 例如:J u ly infl u ence Febr u ary iss u e
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
1、a在[w]音后面[?] w a nt wh a t w a tch w a sh qu a lity
a在f、n、sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读[ɑ:] a fter pl a nt gr a ph a sk gr a sp gl a ss f a st f a ther
2、i在-nd、-ld和gh前读[ɑ] 如: f i nd ch i ld l i ght h i gh
3、o在-st、-ld前读[?u] 如: m o st p o stcard o ld c o ld
4、o在m、n 、v 、th前读[Λ] c o me m o nkey l o ve m o ther
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音?з?
1、ar 一般读[ɑ:] car farm dark sharp
在[w]后读[?:] w ar m qu ar ter tow ar ds
2、or [?:] 如：f or ty m or ning sh or t
or在[w]音后面读[з:] w or d w or ker w or se
3、er、ir、ur读[з:] 如：c er tainly b ir d Th ur sday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音,例如:doll ar teach er mart yr f or get Sat ur day 五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
are [e?]c are d are h are
ere [?]h ere m ere
ire [ɑ?]f ire h ire w ire
ore [?:]m ore sc ore bef ore sh ore b ore
ure [ju:?]p ure c ure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[?]音,例如:pict ure pleas ure
重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re拼读,字母r读[r]. 如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai/ay读音[e]例词afraid rain wait day play air[e?] air hair chair pair repair
al在f,m前读[?:l] small ball talk wall all
[?:l]always also salt almost bald
[ɑ:] half calm palm
au/aw[?:]autumn daughter draw
ea [i:]teach easy cheap please
[e]heavy bread sweater weather
[e]break great
ear [?]hear dear near clear year
[e?]bear pear wear
[з:]earth learn early
ee [i:]jeep week green three
eer [?]]pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [e]eight neighbour they
[i:]either key
eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读[ju:] new few newspaper [u:]flew brew
ie/ei 在[s]音之后念[i:] piece field receive
oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [?:]roar board door floor
oi/oy [?]noise point boy toilet
oo [u:]broom food tooth school
[u]book look cook foot good
ou/ow [ɑu]flower house count down
[?u]know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [?:] course your four
[ɑu?]our hour ours
[з:] j our ney
ui 在j、l 、r、s后
[ju: ]fluid suicide tuition [u:]j ui ce fr ui t s ui t
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai/ay 、ei/ey []Sunday foreign monkey
ow [?u]yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[?]音或[].
例如:neighb our seri ou s fam ou s bisc ui t coff ee
-sion -tion [∫n]impression nation
-sion在元音字母后[n]vision decision occasion
-tion在s后[t∫n] ques tion sugges tion
-sten [sn]listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure[З?] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫?] picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词第二部分不标注重音符号,其中元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音读如:everyd ay [e] handb a g [?] blackb oar d [?:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中
的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如:
sun太阳+ day[e]日子> Sunday[] 星期天
holy神圣+ day[e]日子> holiday[] 假日
break中断+ fast[ɑ:]斋戒> breakfast[?] 早餐
cup茶杯+ board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
b[b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music
在e前或在i/y前[s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr]children driver drink
-ds [dz] stands floods goods
f [f] five four breakfast
g [g] bag gardon go
在e i/y前[d ]orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中[g] guess league dialogue
[gw]language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [d ]jeep jar joke join July
k [k]kind bike skate make week
kn- [n]knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m]monkey come autumn
-mn [m]autumn column
n [n]not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前[?] uncle thank hungry
-ng [?] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r]red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前[s]sit sleep desk
元音字母间或浊辅音前[z] music husband
sc-[sk]scarlet school
[s]muscle science
sh[∫]she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下[t]ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前[∫]patient nation
tch [t∫] watch kitchen
th在通常情况下[θ]thin thirty method
在冠词代词介词连词中[e]the these with than
在词尾-the -ther中[e] clothe father weather
tr-[tr]tree train country truck
ts [ts] sports parts
v [v]very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前[w] what when white why
[h]who whose whole
x 在重读元音前[ks]box text exercise
[gz]examle exist exact
wr-[r]write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
重读音节单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
闭音节单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如: bag egg fish not cup
多音节词重读规则多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation