GHD Business Writing Style Guide
GHD商务写作风格指南
Good writing demonstrates our care for clients...
优秀写作显示我们对客户的关心…
―As I read your (report/proposal/letter/email) I was struck by how you made complex issues seem so simple. Your writing style enticed me to venture further into the document. You told me a story that captured my imagination whilst delivering the facts. The more pages I turned, the more I felt like you had read my mind. I can‘t wait for the next edition.‖
A Client
“读你的（报告/提议/信件/电子邮件）时，我对以下内容印象深刻：
你把复杂的内容写得如此简单易懂。你的写作风格引导我更深入了解文件。你在叙述事实的同时讲述了一个能给我无尽想象的故事。我翻看越多内容，我就越觉得你很了解我的想法。我迫不及待地想看到下一版。”
一位客户如此说道。
目录
Table of Content
Getting Started 开篇 (4)
GHD (5)
Punctuating Words词语的标点符号 (6)
Punctuating sentences句子的标点符号 (10)
Capitalization字母大写 (14)
Numbers 数字 (16)
T r i c ky words可能引起歧义的词语 (19)
Names & Greetings 名称和称呼 (23)
Setting it out 布局 (25)
Tips on tone关于语调的注意事项 (28)
Getting Started 开篇
Guidelines for authors 给作者的指南
GHD has established author guidelines to communicate information about our company effectively and avoid making misleading statements.
GHD已经建立了关于如何交流与我们公司有关的信息和避免作出误导性声明的指南。
These guidelines are relevant to all GHD literature including GHD News, Annual Review, our web site, marketing materials, CVs, proposals/tenders and the like.
这些指南都是与GHD相关写作有关的，包括GHD新闻，年鉴，网站，营销资料，简历，标书/ 报价等。
Legal obligations determine we cannot use the following words and/or terms in Australia:
在澳大利亚，法律义务规定我们不能使用以下词语和术语：
?Best practice 最优方法
?Ensure 确保
?Expert, expertise 专家，专业技术
?Fit for purpose 适用
?Guarantee, indemnifies 担保，赔偿
?High/best/highest level of service 高水准/最好/最高水准的服务
?Promise, warrants 承诺，担保
?Specialist expertise 专家意见
?Supervises work (unless our commission specifically includes full-time Resident Engineer/Clerk of Works supervision services).
?监督工作（除非我们的委托代理权明确包含了驻段工程师/员工监督服务）
?World‘s best practice 世上最好的方法
Use the following or similar to describe GHD’s capability:
用以下词句或类似的词句描述GHD的能力：
?Is a leading consultant providing...一个咨询行业的佼佼者，提供…
?Has specific skills in...在…有特殊技能
?Is experienced in... 在…经验丰富
?Rather than using ―supervision‖ consider ―contract administration services‖, ―construction phase services‖, ―project management services‖, etc
不要用“监督”，考虑“合同行政服务”、“建筑阶段服务”和“项目管理服务”等用语Spelling and grammar 拼写和语法
Always spell check your documents before submitting them for approval/review. Microsoft Word provides several ways to check and correct spelling and grammar as you go.
总是在提交文件待批/待阅之前检查文件的拼写。Microsoft Word具备数种方法以供你写作时检查和改正拼写和语法。
Authors in Australia should make sure they select the international or Australian dictionary in MS Word. Authors in the US and in countries where American English is the preferred style need to select the American English dictionary.
澳大利亚的作者应先确认在MS Word中选择了国际或澳大利亚字典。美国和其它优先使用美语国家的作者需选择美语字典。
Automatically correct spelling and grammar 自动纠正拼写和语法
To fix spelling and grammatical errors as you type, use the AutoCorrect feature (under the Tools menu) and check all of the boxes. For example, if you type definately and then type a space or other punctuation, AutoCorrect will replace it with definitely.
为了纠正打字时出现的拼写和语法错误，你可以使用自动纠正功能（在工具菜单栏下）并且检查所有的表格。例如你打“definately”然后键入空格或其它标点，自动纠正功能会将它自动改正为“definitely”。
Automatically check spelling and grammar as you type 打字时自动检查拼写和语法
To check for spelling and grammatical errors ―behind the scenes,‖ use automat ic spelling and grammar checking (under the Tools menu, click Options, and the click the Spelling & Grammar tab). As you type, the spelling and grammar checkers check the text, and then mark possible errors with wavy underlines.
检查后台拼写和语法错误，使用自动拼写和语法检查（在工具菜单栏下，单击选项，再单击拼写与语法标签）。打字时，拼写和语法检查功能会检查文本，然后在可能有错误之处底下标上曲线。
GHD
About GHD 关于GHD
GHD is a company and should therefore always be referred to in the singular, e.g. GHD is/GHD has/GHD provides/GHD delivers/GHD employs etc.
GHD是一个公司，所以提到GHD时总是用单数，即使用“GHD is/GHD has/GHD provides/GHD delivers/GHD employs”等。
√ GHD is building its business in China.
X GHD are building a business in China. (But ―we at GHD are building a business in China is ok‖ because we is the subject and is plural.)
（但可以说“我们GHD正在建立在中国的业务。”因为这句中we是主语并且是复数。）
Like the word government, the word board should only be capitalized as part of a formal title.
就像“government”一词，“board”一词只有在用作正式头衔的一部分才将首字母大写。
√The GHD Board
√the board
X The Board
When referring to the titles of our global sector leaders, and their sectors as a title, use capital letters and ampersands where appropriate.
提及我们国际部门领导的头衔或以他们所在部门为称呼时，首字母应大写，并且在适当的地方使用记号“&”。
√ Water
√ Environment
√ Transportation
√ Energy & Resources
√Property & Buildings
√ Joe Bloggs is the Global Sector Leader, Energy & Resources.
The word strategy should only be capitalized if it is used as part of a title.
“strategy”一词只有作为名称的一部分时首字母才大写。
X We recently launched our new Strategy.
√ We recently launched our new strategy.
√ We recently launched Strategy: Accomplish More Together.
Web 网站
The correct way to refer to the GHD web site address is https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d2132744.html,
正确的GHD网址的应是https://www.doczj.com/doc/0d2132744.html,。
Our market sectors 我们的业务
When referring to the industries we serve use lower case and the word and.
提及我们服务的行业时用小写字母以及单词“and”。
√ We serve clients in the industries of water, environment, transportation, energy and resources, and property and buildings.
X We serve clients in the industries of Water, Environment, Transportation, Energy & Resources, and Property & Buildings.
Punctuating Words词语的标点符号
Apostrophes 所有格符号
Possession 所属
Use an apostrophe to show possession.
用省略符号表所属关系
√The job manager‘s report
X The job managers report
√The client‘s brief
X The clients brief
Contractions 缩写
Contractions can be used for informal documents such as emails, but should be avoided for formal documents where possible. Use an apostrophe to show an omission.
在诸如电子邮件等的非正式文件中可以用缩写，但在正式文件中应尽可能避免使用缩写。用省略号表省略。
√The mail doesn‘t (does not) come on Saturday.
√I can‘t (cannot) finish that today.
√You could‘ve (could have) finished that today if you weren‘t (were not) late for work.
Simple plurals 复数
When you‘re thinking of putting an apostrophe in a word that ends in s, ask yourse lf whether
you‘re merely showing that there is more than one thing. If so, it‘s a simple plural and you don‘t need an apostrophe.
当你想在一个以“s”结尾的单词后添加所有格符号时，问问自己该词是否仅为了表示数量多于一。如果是这样，这就只是一个复数词语，不必加所有格符号。
√ There are many cars on the road.
X There are many ca r‘s on the road.
X There are many cars‘ on the road.
Possessive pronouns 物主代词
When a possessive pronoun (including my, mine, our/s, your/s, his, her/s, their/s) is used as an adjective, no apostrophe is needed.
把一个物主代词（包括my, mine, our/s, your/s, his, her/s, their/s）用作形容词时，无需加所有格符号。
√This is their idea. The idea is theirs.
X This is their idea. The idea is their‘s.
√ This writing guide is yours.
Lower case plurals 小写复数
Apostrophes are used to form the plural of letters that appear in lower case. To form the plural of a lower case letter, place an ?s after the letter.
所有格符号用来形成小写字母的复数。要表示一个小写字母的复数，在字母后加“‘s”。
√Three c‘s
X Three cs
Time and money 时间和金钱
Words showing periods of time or amounts of money need apostrophes when they are used as possessive adjectives.
表示时间段或钱的数目的单词用作所有格形容词时需加所有格符号。
√a day‘s pay
X a morning‘s work
√ two cents‘ worth (the apostrophe comes after the s because cents is plural)
√21 years‘ experience (because years is plural)
Plural letters, abbreviations and years 字母复数，缩写和年代
There is no need for apostrophes to indicate a plural of capitalised letters, numbers, years, symbols or abbreviations.
大写字母、数字、年代、符号或缩写不需要用所有格符号。
√KPIs
X KPI‘s
√1990s
X1990‘s However, use an apostrophe to show missing numbers.
但可用所有格符号代表缺失的数字
√‘78 (1978)
It’s and Its It’s和Its
It‘s is a shortened form of it is or it has.
It‘s是it is 或 it has的缩写形式。
√It‘s due today.
√It‘s in my calendar.
Its is the possessive form of it and denotes ownership.
Its是it的所有格形式，表所属。
√Its name is Fred.
√I like its design.
Hyphens 连字符
Use a hyphen with sets of words formed with prefixes when the hyphen is needed to clarify the word‘s meaning.
当需要连字符来解释清楚带前缀的词语的意思时用连字符连接。
√ re-sent (otherwise confused with resent)
X sub-heading
Use a hyphen when the last letter of the prefix is a vowel, and the word that follows begins with the same vowel (except for double o).
若前缀的尾字母是元音字母，并且后面的单词以相同的元音字母开头时（该元音字母为o除外），用连字符连接。
√re-enter
√cooperate
These words should always feature hyphens – north-east, north-east, north-west, south-west, south-east, etc (as per Macquarie Dictionary).
（根据《麦加利澳英字典》）以下单词必须带连字符：north-east, north-east, north-west, south-west, south-east等
Use a hyphen when two words function as an adjective (describing word) before a noun, even if they would not take hyphens when placed elsewhere in a sentence.
当两个词连用为一个形容词（描述性词语），放在一个名词之前时，用连字符连接，即便它们在句子中的其它地方没有连字符。
√A client-centered culture
√A two-storey building
Use a lowercase ?e‘ with no hyphen when spelling words prefixed with ?e‘ (electronic).
拼写前缀为“e”（电子的）的单词时用一个小写字母“e”即可，不用连字符。
√ eLearning (for GHD programs)
The Macquarie and Australian Oxford dictioneries suggest no hyphens are needed for email or elearning.
《麦加利澳英字典》和《澳大利亚牛津字典》建议“email”和“elearning”无需加连字符。
Use a hyphen in commonly used compound words.
常用复合词用连字符连接。
√pre-approval
√full-time and part-time
Use a hyphen as a linking device to show a range of numbers, time and distance.
表示数字、时间和距离范围时，用连字符充当连接。
√ Pages 72-84
√ 56-60 Lonsdale St
√ June-September
Use a hyphen to connect numbers up to ninety-nine that are made up of two words.
小于99、由两个单词构成的数字用连字符连接。
√Seven hundred and fifty-six
Don‘t use a hyphen instead of and when using the word between, or instead of for.
在between或for后不用连字符。
√The office will be closed from 24 December to 2 January.
X The office will be closed from 24 December-2 January
√You can find the information in the report between pages 56 and 72.
X You can find the information in the report between pages 56-72.
Shortened forms 简写
Abbreviations 缩写
Open punctuation rules apply to abbreviations where no punctuation is needed for commonly used abbreviations.
无标点符号规则适用于常用的无需标点符号的缩写词。
√ Tues
√ Vic
√ M r
X Vic.
X Mr.
Always spell state names in full in the first instance. Abbreviations can be used thereafter.
首次提到洲名时用全称，过后可用缩写。
Punctuation 标点符号
No punctuation (no full stop) is needed in titles and capitalization is the same as the un-contracted word.
头衔、大写字母和没缩写的单词无需使用标点符号（不用句点）。
√M r
X Mr.
√Rd
Use punctuation for the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. They should be introduced with a comma.
用“i.e.”和“ e.g.”这两个缩写时需用句点，并且在引出这两个缩写前应用逗号隔开。
√ There are many animals at the zoo, e.g. lions, tigers, bears.
Acronyms 首字母缩略词
Acronyms are strings of initial letters and sometimes other letters pronounced as one word. No punctuation is needed in acronyms and the acronym is usually all capital letters. An exception exists for some familiar acronyms that have an initial capital letter if they are proper nouns.
首字母缩写由数个单词的首字母构成的，有时也会是其它字母，首字母缩写可以作为一个单词发音。首字母缩写无需标点符号，通常所有字母都大写。唯一例外的是一些常用的首字母缩写当用作专有名词时只第一个字母大写。
√TAFE
√Qantas
X QANTAS
Initializes 词首字母缩略词
Initialisms or jargon terms are strings of initial letters not pronounced as a word. No punctuation is needed in initialisms and all capital letters are used.
词首字母缩略词或专业术语是词首字母的组合但不能作为一个单词发音。词首字母缩略词无需标点符号，字母均大写。
√ NSW
X N.S.W.
√TV
Use the full name with the initialism or acronym in brackets after the name the first time it is used. Use the initialism or acronym for the rest of the document. Don‘t put the initialism or jargon term in brackets if you don‘t plan to use it again.
在第一次使用词首字母缩略词或首字母缩略词时，先给出全称，再将其词首字母缩略词或首字母
缩略词附在后面括号中。然后在后面的文件用词首字母缩略词或首字母缩略词。若不打算再次使用，则不要附括号列出其词首字母缩略词或首字母缩略词。
√ GHD has experience in integrated water management (IWM).
X GHD has experience skills in IWM (integrated water management).
Punctuating sentences句子的标点符号
Full stops 句号
Use a full stop to mark the end of a complete sentence. Use only one punctuation space after it. 完整句子末尾用句号，在句号后只用一个标点间隔。
√GHD is an international professional services company.
Use a full stop at the end of an indirect question. An indirect question sounds like a question but is actually a statement.
间接疑问句末尾用句号。间接疑问句听起来像问句，但其实是陈述句。
√Please outline what the reasons are for rejecting our proposal.
Use a full stop at the end of an imperative sentence. These sentences have no overt grammatical subject; you is the silent subject.
祈使句末尾用句号。祈使句没有明显的语法上的主语，“你”是隐含的主语。
√Repair the widget with the cap off.
Do not use full stops after captions or statements that are not complete sentences (sentence fragments).
标题或不完整的陈述（句子片段）后不加句号。
Question marks 问号
Use a question mark after a direct question. Direct questions require an answer as they are interrogative.
疑问句末尾加问号。疑问句是表示疑问的，因此要求答复。
√Are you going to the meeting?
It is not necessary to use question marks after polite requests. The polite request, although it is technically a question, usually ends with a full stop and not a question mark. This is because the writer isn‘t actually asking a question, but rather making a request.
礼貌性请求后无需用问号。礼貌性请求虽然从字面上看是一个问题，通常却以句号而不是问号结尾。这是因为作者事实上并不是在发问而是在作出请求。
√Could you please fill out the form and return it to me by Monday.
Do not use a question mark after an indirect question. Indirect questions describe a question and look like a question, but they do not make a sentence interrogative.
间接疑问句后不用问号。间接疑问句描述的是一个问题，看起来也像是一个问题，但它们并不表
示疑问。
√I wonder why he didn‘t get the job.
X I wonder why she wasn‘t hired for the position?
Exclamation marks 感叹号
Exclamation marks are used to express a high degree of excitement or emotion. They have limited use in business writing.
感叹号用来表达高度的兴奋或情绪，在商务协作中应用有限。
Use an exclamation mark only for positive emotion, and even then be careful to avoid using it more than once.
只在表示积极情绪时使用感叹号。即使这样还要注意使用感叹号不要超过一次。
√Congratulations! You are the winner of t his month‘s raffle.
Do not use an exclamation mark to show dissatisfaction or disdain as doing so can result in reader alienation.
不要用感叹号表达不满或蔑视，因为这会使读者感到疏远。
√The meeting will begin at 10.30 am sharp.
X The meeting will begin at 10.30 am SHARP!!! Do NOT be late!!!!
Commas 逗号
The comma tells a reader to pause. The first letter after a comma is lower case. Leave only one punctuation space after it.
逗号告诉读者可以停顿。逗号后的首字母小写，且只留一个标点间隔。
Use the Read Aloud Test (RAT) – if there is a natural pause in the way you read you are likely to require a comma.
用朗读测验(RAT)——如果在你朗读过程中有自然的停顿，那很可能停顿之处就要求有一个逗号。Use a comma wherever necessary to prevent possible confusion, ambiguity or misreading.
需要时用逗号避免可能的混淆、含糊或误读。
√ Joe, said Iris, was helpful. (In this sentence Joe is helpful.)
√ Joe said Iris was helpful. (In this sentence Iris is helpful.)
Use a comma to introduce the abbreviations i.e. and e.g. You can use i.e. and e.g. in brackets as well. When doing so, you don‘t need the comma.
在引入“i.e.”和“e.g.”这两个缩略词之前用逗号隔开。你也可以将“i.e.”和“e.g.”放在括号里，这时不用逗号。
√ Decide on general topics, i.e. one or two key words.
If the introduction to indirect speech uses the word that or involves a partial sentence incorporated into the sentence, you do not need to include a comma.
如果间接引语由that引导或句子中插入了句子片段，不需用逗号。
√John said that he‘d see you at the conference on Friday.
Use a comma between items in a series or list (when the items are themselves
not punctuated). You don‘t need to use a comma before the last item if you use the coordinating conjunctions and or or.
在列举的一系列项目之间用逗号（项目本身没有标点符号）。如果在最后一项之前用了并列连词“and”或“or”就不必再用逗号。
√ The managers from Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia were called to a meeting. Except when the second last list item contains the word and itself, use a comma before the coordinating conjunction.
除非倒数第二项本身包含了“and”一词，否则在并列连词前应加逗号。
√ The departments involved are Finance, People, Corporate Marketing and Communications, and Information Technology.
Use a comma to separate independent clauses joined by connecting words such as for, and, but, so yet. Place the comma before the connecting word.
由连接词for, and, but, so, yet等连接的独立分句之间应用逗号隔开，逗号应在连接词之前。
√ Everyone was on time for the meeting, but it still began late.
When you use a connecting word but do not have a complete sentence on both sides of it, you don‘t need a comma.
如果连接词的两端都不是完整句子则不需逗号。
√ I first outlined my strategy and then interviewed the teams to determine the way forward.
If your sentence is very short (between five and 10 words) and easy to read, you can leave out the comma before the connecting word.
如果连接词两端的句子都很简短易读（5－10个单词），连接词也可不用逗号。
√Joe Bloggs is young and he is inexperienced.
Use a comma to attach words to the front or back of your sentence. Most sentences you write begin as a short core sentence. Often we add information to the core sentence by attaching one or more words to the front or back of it. The additional information usually tells us when, where, why, how or under what conditions the main action of the core sentence occurred.
在句子之前或之后附短语时应用逗号隔开。许多句子以一个简短的核心句子开始。通常我们会在
句子之前或之后附上一个或多个单词以添加信息。补充的信息通常能告诉我们核心句子的主要动
作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或背景。
√In the winter of 2007, I visited London and New York.
Use a comma on both sides of a non-essential component.
在不重要的句子成分前后加逗号。
√Joe Bloggs, who is chairing the meeting, will outline the agenda.
X Organisations that support flexitime are reducing in number. (If you omit the text in italics the sentence makes no sense at all.)
Semicolons 分号
A semicolon is used between two independent clauses when the two sentences are inextricably related, but really two thoughts.
如果两个独立分句紧密相联但事实上又是两回事，用分号隔开。
However, this rule should be used sparingly in business writing. The preference is to separate the two independent clauses with a full stop to avoid one long sentence.
但是，在商务写作中应少用这一规则。最好是用句号把两个独立分句隔开以免句子过于冗长。
In a list, use a semicolon to separate a series of phrases that also contain punctuation. (See page 21 for advice on lists.)
列举项目时，若项目本身带有标点符号，用分号隔开（见21页关于列举项目的建议）。
Long dashes 破折号
Dashes can be used to introduce an explanation or set apart one part of a sentence or phrase from another. They are also used to show a break in thought. Any text set off by dashes is likely to be read with a sense of emphasis.
破折号可以用来引入解释或将句子的不同部分或短语分隔开，也可以用来表示写作思路的中断。
任何由破折号引出的文本都可能带有强调意味。
To create a long dash in Microsoft Word, type your text, followed by two hyphens, followed by more text.
?要在Microsoft Word打出破折号，你可以先输入文本，然后键入两个连字符，再接着输入文本。
?Use a space before and a space after each dash.
?破折号前后各键入一个空格。
?Use a lower case letter for the first letter after a dash.
?破折号后首字母小写。
√ The dash – typed with a space before and after it – is used to connect groups of words to other groups, or to set words off from the rest of a sentence.
破折号——前后各一个空格——用来连接词组或将词组与句子的其它部分分隔开来。
Forward slashes 正斜杠
Use the forward slash to show alternatives (to replace the word or) and as a substitute for per. No space is needed before or after the slash and you should use a lower case letter for the first letter after it (unless the word is a proper noun or title).
正斜杠用于表示可选项（替代“or”）和替代“per”。斜杠前后都不必键入空格，斜杠后首字母小写（除非该单词是专有名词或名称）。
√ yes/no
X yes / no
√ male/female
X male/ female
Do not use a forward slash with units of measurement that are spelled out.
如果测量单位没有简写，不要使用正斜杠。
√ 45 meters per minute
X 45 meters/minute
√ 45 m/min
Brackets 括号
Brackets are used to enclose text that is not usually essential to the meaning of a
sentence. The most common type of bracket used in business writing is round brackets
(or parentheses).
括号通常用来附带对句子意思不太重要的文本。商务写作中最常用的括号类型是圆括号。
Use a full stop on the outside of the close bracket when completing a sentence with a
phrase in brackets.
括号内带短语的句子完成后，在括号后加句号。
√The design contains many unique features (as can be seen in Appendix 2).
Use a full stop on the inside of the close bracket when a complete sentence appears in
the bracket.
如果括号内的文本是一个完整句子，在括号内句子末尾加句号。
√The design contains many unique features. (Please refer to Appendix 2 for details.) Quotation marks 引号
Use double quotation marks –―like this‖ – for quotes.
引用时用双引号——“像这样”
Use a comma to introduce a quote from a speaker.
先用逗号，再引入说话者的话。
When the quote is a complete sentence, the close quote mark goes outside the final punctuation.
引用的是一个完整句子时，句子最后的标点放在引号内。
√―I am very pleased.‖
√―I am very pleased,‖ he said.
X―I am very pleased‖.
When the quote is partial, the close quote mark goes inside the final punctuation.
引用的是句子片段时，句子最后的标点放在引号外。
√He said our work was ―the best by far‖.
√H e said, ―Your work is the best by far‖.
Use single quote marks for a quote inside a quote.
双引号中再出现引用时用单引号。
√―He told me our work was ?the best by far‘, and asked me to pass on his congratulations.‖
Do not use quotation marks for emphasis. Except when they are essential for clarity, do not put quotes around trade names, makes or models of cars or aircraft, sport events or trophies, report names, nicknames or any other unnecessary words.
不要用引号表强调。除非对澄清词句意思十分重要，否则不要在商标、汽车或飞机及其模型、体育运动或奖品、报告名称、昵称或任何其它不必要的词语前后加引号。
Capitalization字母大写
Capitalize the first word of a sentence.
句子的第一个单词首字母大写。
√ Today is the first day of the week.
Capitalize the first word of a sentence that is a direct quote or is direct speech.
句子的开头是一个直接引用的内容或直接引语时，第一个单词首字母大写。
√According to William Strunk Jr, ?Vigorous writing is concise‘.
Use capitals for the days of the week and special holidays, but not the seasons.
一周七天及特殊节日首字母大写，但季节不用。
√ June
X Summer
Titles 名称
When using market sectors in titles, capital letters and ampersands should be used. The correct terminology for external use is Global Leader and Business Leader.
将市场部门用作名称或称呼时，首字母大写并且用记号“&”。对外使用时正确的说法是“Global Leader and Business Leader”。
√Pat O‘Dwyer is the Gl obal Leader, Energy & Resources.
√Ian Dawson, Global Leader, Transportation
√Gavin Becker, Business Leader, Mining & Metals
Capitalize position titles when writing the title of a specifically named person.
写某一个具体人名时，其职位名称首字母大写。
√ GHD Chief Executive Officer Joe Bloggs; GHD Chairman Joe Bloggs; Service Line Leader, Water, Joe Bloggs
Do not capitalize the position title when the person is not named.
不涉及具体人名时，职位名称不用大写。
√The council‘s chief executive officer has been invited.
X The Service Line Leaders for Planning, Water and Tunnels attended the meeting. Capitalize the official titles of the principals and chief executives of institutions. With the exception of monarchs and heads of state, these titles should be presented in lower case when abbreviated to the generic element.
机构主要负责人的职位名称首字母大写。这些名称中除了君主和国家元首，缩写成通名时用小写。
√the Prime Minister, the Premier, the Leader of the Opposition, the President x The Minister met with the a group of Managers from our offices.
√The Minister for Agriculture came to our office. The minister met with a group of our managers.
Service lines 服务专线
Only capitalize service lines and other business divisions in the context of a name or title. 只有在写服务专线和其它商务部门的名称时，首字母才大写。
√The Planning Service Line; the Urban Development Business Group x We service the Mining and Oil & Gas industries.
√We service the mining and oil and gas industries.
Operating Centres 运营中心
When you are talking about a single or specific operating centre, use upper case.
提及单个或具体某个运营中心时大写。
√ The Perth Operating Centre held a successful client function.
When you are talking about operating centres in the plural, use lower case.
提及多个运营中心时小写。
√The Victorian and New South Wales operating centres are celebrating a year of success.
X We have Operating Centres in Australia, New Zealand, the Middle East, etc. Organizations and government departments 机构和政府部门
The official names of organizations, such as government departments, should be capitalized (except for articles, prepositions and conjunctions). When these names are abbreviated, leave them uncapitalised, except where they retain specific elements.
政府部门等机构的官方名称首字母大写（冠词、介词和连词除外）。这些名称缩写时小写，包含特殊内容的除外。
eg. the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Reserve Bank, the bank.
eg. the Department of Finance, the Finance Department, the department
Government programs follow a similar style when they are abbreviated.
缩写政府项目时方法同上。
eg. the Greater Artesian Basin Sustainability Initiative; the Artesian Basin Initiative; the initiative.
The word government should only be capitalized as part of a formal title. All other references should be lower case. Where more than one government is mentioned, the word governments should be lower case. Always write ?local government‘ in lower case, except where you are referring to the name of a specific council.
“government”一词只有作为正式名称的一部分时首字母才大写。其它情况下提及这个词都小写。涉及一个以上政府时，“governments”小写。除非提及某个具体的议会名称，
否则“local government”总是小写。
√The South Australian Government will adopt the new policy next month.
√ The state government will adopt the new policy next month.
X The State Government will adopt the new policy next month.
√ The Australian/United States/ACT Government said it would act quickly. o The Government said it would act quickly.
X The Victorian and South Australian Governments will meet next week.
√ The Victorian and South Australian governments will meet next week.
X Council has asked us to prepare a report.
√ Toowoomba City Council has asked us to prepare a report.
Particular words need capitals to distinguish them from their generic meaning – the Cabinet; the Treasury; the Crown; the House (meaning either parliamentary chamber); the Budget; and in the legislative context, the Act; Ordinance; Regulation; Bill.
某些特殊的单词需要大写首字母，以便与它们通常的意思区别开来——the Cabinet（内阁），the Treasury（财政部），the Crown（国王），the House (表示国会的任一院)，the Budget（预算案）。部分单词在法律意义下也应大写，the Act（法案），Ordinance （法令），Regulation（规章），Bill（议案）。
Publications and elements within a publication 出版物和出版物中的内容
The titles of books, periodicals, chapters, articles and document begin with a capital letter. It is recommended to use minimal capitalization for all but the titles of legislation, journals, magazines and newspapers, which are conventionally given maximum capitalization.
书本、期刊、章节、文章和文件的名称首字母大写。建议尽量少使用大写，但提及法律、期刊、杂志和报纸时尽量大写。
√ ...in the chapter entitled ?Three Australian Engineers‘
√ Environment Protection and Biodiversity
√ Conservation Act 1999 p Business Review Weekly
√ the Journal of English Linguistics
√ He writes for The Age
√ ...in the Age editorial on Monday
It is recommended that references to elements of a publication other than pages be capitalized when mentioned in running text. For example:
建议在提及出版物内容时，除页数外首字母大写。例如：
√This is discussed in Chapter 4.
√ Population growth is shown in Figure 3.2.
√ This is discussed on pages 59-63 in Section 5.
√ ...(see Table 11 Section 5)
Numbers数字
Rule of nine 9以下的规则
Write out numbers one to nine in full when used in general text. Also, write zero instead of 0. Use numerals for 10 and above.
在一般文本9以下的数字用英文，用“zero”而不是0。10以上的数字用阿拉伯数字。
Use numerals to express numbers in tables, graphs, charts, etc. Use numerals when introducing tables, appendices, visuals, items or figures.
用阿拉伯数字表示表格、曲线图、图表等的数字。介绍表格、附录、视觉图、项目或数目时用阿拉伯数字。
Exception: Make an exception to the rule of nine when a number begins a sentence. Even when the number is over 10 write it out in full. The preference is to rearrange the wording of the sentence so that the number isn‘t at the beginning.
例外情况：当句子以数字开头时不适用9以下数字规则。即使这个数字超过10也应以英文全拼。最好是将句子用词顺序调整以便数字不在句子开头处。
Decimals are ok (e.g. 6.67).
小数位于句子开头时可用阿拉伯数字。
Punctuation 标点符号
Do not use an apostrophe when presenting decades in numerals.
用数字表示年代时不要用省略号。
√1990s
X1990‘s
Insert a comma between two sets of numerals that appear together in text
文本中同时出现两组数字时用逗号隔开。
√In 2009, 6000 people worked at GHD.
Use a comma from 10,000 and thereafter to separate groups of three numerals
10，000以上的数字，每三位数用一个逗号隔开。
√6000
X 6,000
√60,000,000
Telephone numbers 电话号码
GHD is a global company. Always write telephone numbers in international format. Don‘t use brackets.
GHD是一个跨国公司。写电话号码应使用国际号码形式。不要用括号。
After the country code and city code, group in lots of four numerals. Write mobile numbers as four-three numerals separated by spaces.
国家代码和城市代码后的号码以4位为一个单位，移动电话采用先3位后4位的形式，用空格隔开。
X (03) 8687 8000
√61 3 8687 8854
√61 427 690 763
√1 949 250 0501
Time 时间
Always use numerals for time. Use a full stop rather than a colon to separate the hour minutes
时间用数字表示。小时和分钟之间用句点隔开而不是冒号。
√4.45 pm
No punctuation marks are used for the commonly used abbreviations
常用的缩写不用任何标点符号。
√ am
√ pm
√ min (minute)
√ hr (hour)
Use noon and midnight instead of 12 pm and 12 am to avoid confusion
为避免混淆，用“noon”及“midnight”而不是12pm及12am。
Symbols 符号
Use numerals for all numbers that are combined with standard units of weight, measurement or accompanied by a symbol. Do not use a full stop before the symbol unless it is at the end of a sentence. Do leave a space before the symbol as shown below. 与标准计量单位或符号连用的数字都用阿拉伯数字表示。除非是在句子的末尾，否则不要在符号前加句点。在符号前留出一个空格，如下：
√3 cm
√5 kg
√4 km
√7°C
√5%
√5 L
√8 m2 x 8 sqm
Use a forward slash for per, an or a when units of measurement are abbreviated
用斜杠替代“per”“an”或缩写的计量单位。
√85 km/h
Use the word percent with the numbers written out in full or with numerals. Spell out percent rather than use the symbol in general text.
在英文数字或阿拉伯数字后都用“percent”一词。在一般文本中都“percent”拼写出来而不用符号。
√nine percent
√ 18 percent
X nine %
Dates 日期
Consistently use the date written in full when there are no space limitations. Do not use extra words and suffixes in the date. When using the day, it is not necessary to use a comma after the day of the week.
没有空间限制时将日期全部拼写出来。日期中不要用多余的单词或后缀。表示一周七天时不必在其后加逗号。
√... on 25 April 2009
X... on the 25th of April 2009
√ ... on Monday 27 April 2009
X... on Monday, the 27th April 2009
Use six digits (dd/mm/yy) when using the numeral-only form.
只用数字形式时用六位数字（dd/mm/yy）表示日期。
Currency 货币
Use the numerals combined with symbols for amounts of money. No space is needed between the symbol and the numeral. Use a full stop for the decimal point and apply the rules for commas as above.
涉及金钱数目时用数字和货币符号表示。数字和符号之前无需空格。小数点用句点表示，并且使用上述每三位数以逗号隔开的规则。
√ $53,792.91
√ 20c
√ $4400
When using the international three-letter code without the dollar sign, use AUD, USD, etc. Use a combination of words and numbers for larger, more complex numbers.
使用国际3个字母式的代码而不用美元符号时，用AUD, USD等。对于较大较复杂数目用单词和数字组合表示。
√ AUD40
X AUD$40
√USD40 million
X USD40,000,000
Abbreviations 缩写
Use abbreviations for all measurements except ton or litre.
除了ton和litre以外的计量单位都用缩写。
Tricky words可能引起歧义的词语
Word vs Word 单词与单词
Enquire vs Inquire
Enquire is a verb that means to ask. Inquire is a verb that means to seek information or to make an inquiry. The words can be used interchangeably.
动词“enquire”表示询问。动词“inquire”表示寻求信息或做调查。两个词可以互换。
Affect vs Effect
Affect is a verb that means influence.
Affect是动词，表示影响。
√The decisions affect the operations of the operating centres.
Effect can function as a noun meaning result or as a verb meaning to bring about or cause. To reduce confusion, it is best to avoid using effect as a verb.
Effect即可做名词表示结果，也可做动词表示致使、导致。为避免混淆，最好不要将effect 用作动词。
√The decisions have had a good effect on staff morale.
And vs &
Use the word and rather than & in general text. Use the ampersand if it is part of a title.
一般文本中用单词and而不是符号&。如果是名称的一部分则用符号&。
Licence vs License
The word licence is a noun that means a permit to own or do something.
Licence是名词，表示允许拥有某事物或做某事。
√I have a licence to drive.
The word license is a verb that means to grant a licence or to authorize.
License是动词，表示准予许可或授权。
√The government licensed us to carry out this work.
Led vs Lead
Lead is a verb that means to guide someone to a place or guide the action of a person. Lead是动词，表示引导某人去某地或引导某人的行为动作。
√She leads her employees by setting a good example for them.
The past tense of the verb lead is led.
Lead的过去式是led。
√They led me to understand the deadline was today.
Practice vs Practise
Practice is a noun that means the repeated performance of something, the exercise of a profession or the business of a professional person. Practise (to practise) is a verb. Practice是名词，表示重复做某事、一位教授的日常事务或者专业人士的日常事务。Practise是动词。
√ I practise engineering.
√ I do a lot of practice.
√ The lawyer practises law.
√ The doctor has a practice. In the US this is reversed.
Principal vs Principle
Principal is an adjective or noun that means primary or chief.
Principal可做形容词或名词，表示主要的或首领。