中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构
1. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no ______.
A. piston
B. connecting rod
C. cylinder
D. spark plug
注柴油机与汽油机相似除了柴油机没有火花塞。D
2. Fuel oil begins to inject into the cylinder of a four-stroke diesel engine during the _____.
A. intake stroke
B. exhaust stroke
C. power stroke
D. compression stroke 注燃油开始喷射进入柴油机气缸是在压缩冲程末。D
3. Oil for piston cooling is delivered through rod to a compartment in the piston heat, then distributed as a result of piston motion, and finally drained to the crankcase through one or more holes or pipes; this procedure is known as the _____.
A. splash method
B. spray method
C. shaker method
D. throw-off method
注活塞冷却油通过活塞杆进入一个空间，由于活塞的往复运动，将通过一些小孔管加热，分配最后排放冷却油到曲轴箱，这个过程被称为震荡冷却。C
4. Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depend upon______.
A. fine atomization
B. high temperature
C. good mixing of fuel and air
D. any one of the other alternatives
注柴油机气缸内完全燃烧取决于良好雾化，高温，以及燃油空气的良好混合。D
5. The function of diesel engine valve springs is to ______.
A. hold the valves open
B. keep the valves off their seats until the exhaust stroke is completed
C. close the valves
D. open inlet valves when the air injection cycle begins
注柴油机阀件弹簧的作用是关闭阀。C
6. Cast iron pistons used in large propulsion diesel engines are constructed with_____.
A. no taper
B. the skirt being tapered and smaller than the crown
C. the skirt being tapered and larger than the crown
D. the crown being tapered and smaller than the skirt
注使用在大型推进装置的铸铁活塞的建造是使用活塞头呈锥面，并且小于活塞裙。D
轮机工程专
业 7. In a full floating piston pin, the pin is prevented from sliding against the cylinder walls by _______
A. snap rings
B. seal welding
C. a press fitting
D. a tongue-and-groove 注 在全浮动的活塞销上，扣环可以防止活塞销滑动而碰壁。A
8. The use of push rods is necessary in a diesel engine when______
A. the camshaft located some distance below the rocker arms
B. the rocker arms are pivoted near their centers
C. two or more valves must be opened and closed at same time
D. hydraulic valve lash adjusters are used
注 当凸轮轴位于摇臂之下距离时，推杆的使用是必要的。A
9. In a large slow-speed propulsion diesel engine, the force applied to the crosshead is ______
A. against the crosshead during power stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke
B. against the crosshead during the compression stroke and away from the crosshead during the compression stroke
C. against the crosshead during the power and compression strokes
D. away from the crosshead during the power and compression strokes
注 在大型低速主推进柴油机中，施加给活塞的力，在压缩冲程和作功冲程期间是对着十字头方向的。C
10. Diesel engine cylinder head test cocks are used to ______.
A. check cylinder lubrication prior to starting engine
B. connect exhaust gas analyzers to determine engine efficiency
C. hydraulic test exhaust heats for leaking
D. remove moisture accumulations from cylinders prior to starting
注 柴油机缸盖上的示功阀用来除掉启动前气缸内的残余物。D
11. Besides assisting in cooling, the piston cooling fins also provide extra strength for the piston______.
A. skirt
B. crown
C. wrist pin
D.oil rings
注 除了冷却外，活塞冷却翅片也为活塞头提供了附加的力。B
12. In diesel engines, the four basic events (intake, compression, power and exhaust) are performed once in _______.
A. two crankshaft revolutions in a two-stroke engine
B. two power stroke in a two-stroke engine
C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner
D. combustion and expansion of hot gas
注 在二冲程柴油机中，活塞两个冲程期间，进气、压缩、作功和排气等四个动
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材作各进行一次。D
13. In describing basic diesel engine operation, the term”event” refers to the______.
A. production of high pressure gases
B. removal of expended combustion gases
C. admission of air to the cylinder
D. any one of the other alternatives
注在描述柴油机基本工作过程中，术语"event"指的是，高压气体的产生，废气的排出和新鲜空气的吸入。D
14. The term”diesel engine scavenging” means______
A. delivering more air into the cylinder than it would normally receive during an ordinary charging process
B. forcing the products of combustion out of the cylinder with the fresh air charge
C. collecting the air charge at the air cleaner
D. combustion and expansion of hot gas
注柴油机的扫气是利用新鲜的空气将废气排除的过程。B
15.If fuel oil injects into the cylinder of a diesel engine just after the piston passes top dead center, it will_______
A. increase engine power
B. increase engine load
C. decrease engine power
D. improve fuel economy
注在柴油机上止点后喷油将降低柴油机的功率。C
16. The air supplied to a diesel engine is compressed to ______
A. provide heat for the ignition of the fuel
B. start the engine
C. decrease injection delay
D. improve fuel economy
注供给柴油机的空气被压缩，以提供足够的热量引燃燃油，但不能减少喷油延时。A
17. In a single-acting diesel engine, the cylinder liner area that is most difficult to lubricate is the _____
A. major thrust side
B. minor thrust side
C. top circumference
D. bottom circumference
注在单作用的柴油机上，最难润滑的汽缸套区域是主推力侧。A
18. A naturally aspirated diesel engine at full throttle will have an intake manifold
轮机工程专
业 pressure______
A. slightly less than atmospheric pressure
B. approximately equal to exhaust manifold pressure at all times
C. that is widely fluctuating
D. constantly decreasing as engine load increases
注 对于自然吸入的柴油机，进气总管内的压力稍低于大气压。A
19. Which of the following two events occurs simultaneously in a two-stroke diesel engine?
A. exhaust and scavenging
B. scavenging and compression
C. ignition and exhaust
D. exhaust and compression
注 排气和扫气冲程在二冲程的柴油机里同时发生。A
20.”loop”,”uniflow”,” ”, and “return -flow”, are terms used to describe various types of______
A. control air circuits
B. supercharging
C. turbochargers
D. scavenging 注 弯流，直流，横流，回流这些都是扫气的类型。D
21. In order to reverse the rotation of a two-stroke loop scavenged, direct reversing, propulsion diesel engine, the cam positions must be changed for the _______
A. starting air and fuel pumps
B. piston cooling pumps
C. exhaust valves
D. any one of the other alternations
注 柴油机换向，必须改变启动空气、燃油泵凸轮的位置。A
22. Connecting rods in a trunk-piston diesel engine are opened and used to connect the_______
A. engine to the bed
B. rocker arm to the camshaft
C. crankshaft to the gear train
D. piston to the crankshaft
注 筒形活塞柴油机的连杆被用来链接活塞和曲轴D
23. The intake ports of a two-stroke diesel engine are opened and closed by the action of the _______
A. camshaft
B. piston movement
C. exhaust valves
D. vertical drive 注 二冲程柴油机吸气口的启闭是由活塞运动实现的。B
24. What causes diesel fuel to be ignited in the cylinder of an operating diesel engine?
A. spark plug
B. heat of compression
C. carburetor
D. glow plug
注 柴油机是压燃式的内燃机，然油是由空气的压缩热引燃的 B
25. The lower section of a piston is called the _____
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材A. land B. skirt C. crown D. plate
注活塞的下半部分被称作活塞裙。B
26. On most diesel engines, the governor controls the output speed by_____
A. controlling the amount of duel injected into the cylinders
B. varying the aped of the turbocharger
C. adjusting the compression ratio
D. changing the timing of the fuel injection camshaft
注调速器是通过控制喷射进入气缸的燃油量来调节速度的。A
27. Most fuel injection nozzles are opened by______
A. fuel oil pressure
B. a cam operated follower
C. a spring-loaded pressure plate
D. timing gears keyed to the crankshaft
注燃油喷嘴是由燃油压力来打开的。
28. An individual injection pump is designed for variable beginning and constant ending of injection. For diesel engines operating at constant speeds, the stat of injection will______
A. advance as the load increases
B. retard as the load increases
C. remain unchanged regardless of load
D. always occur at top deal center
注对于始点可调式、终点不可调式的喷油泵，当柴油机转速恒定时，随着负荷增加，喷油定时应提前A
29. The function of diesel engine piston compression rings is to _____
A. prevent piston side thrust
B. prevent engine friction losses
C. transmit heat from the piston to the cylinder liner
D. remove oil from the cylinder combustion space
注活塞压缩环的一个作用是把热量从活塞传递到气缸套。C
30. The process of supplying a diesel engine cylinder with air at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure is called_____
A. engine displacement
B. super-aspirating
C. air injection
D. supercharging
注给柴油机气缸供应高于大气压力的新鲜空气的过程被称为扫气D
31. The power output of a turbocharged diesel will drop if the cooling water flow through the air cooler is interrupted because the _______
A. turbocharger stalls
B. exhaust pressure increases
C. air charge density decreases
D. scavenge effect increases
注空冷器冷却水流量减少，进气温度升高，从而使进气密度减少，发动机功率下
轮机工程专
业
降C 32. The diameter of a piston is usually less at the crown than at the skirt in order to ______
A. facilitate the installation of piston rings
B. allow for the expansion of the piston during operation
C. prevent crankcase vapors from entering the combustion chamber
D. reduce wearing of the upper cylinder liner 注 活塞头部的直径比裙部的直径小，主要是运行期间，头部温度高、膨胀量大B
33. What occurs in the combustion space of a diesel engine cylinder shortly after ignition and before the piston reaches TDC?
A. rapid increase in temperature with constant pressure
B. rapid increase in pressure with constant temperature
C. rapid increase in pressure and temperature
D. rapid increase in volume and decrease in pressure
注 柴油机气缸燃烧室内燃油点火后、活塞到达上止点之前，气缸内的温度和压力都迅速增加。C
34. The camshaft of a four-stroke diesel engine is used to operate_______
A. fuel injectors
B. exhaust valves
C. intake valves
D. any one of other alternatives
注 四冲程柴油机的凸轮轴被用来操作喷油器，排气阀以及进气阀D
35. In a four-stroke diesel engine the intake valves open _______
A. before TDC and close after BDC
B. after TDC and close after BDC
C. before TDC and close before BDC
D. after TDC and close before BDC
注 四冲程的柴油机的进气阀上止点之前打开，下止点之后关闭A
36. In which of the following scavenging methods will the exhaust valve be located in the cylinder head?
A. return-flow
B. uniflow
C. cross flow
D. direct flow
注 在直流扫气中，排气阀位于汽缸头之上。B
37. Which of the following statements is correct regarding a turbocharged four-stroke diesel generator?
A. at zero load the intake manifold pressure is greater than the exhaust manifold pressure.
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材B. at full load the intake manifold pressure and exhaust manifold pressure are equal
C. at full load the intake manifold pressure is less than the exhaust manifold pressure
D. at full load the intake manifold pressure is greater than the exhaust manifold pressure.
注当四冲程涡轮增压柴油发电机全负荷运转时，进气总管的压力大于排气总管的压力。D
38. Which of the following adjustments must be made to a naturally aspirated four-stroke diesel engine if a turbocharger is installed?
A. increase the compression ratio
B. increase the exhaust and intake valve overlap
C. increase the ignition lag
D. because the amount of exhaust and intake valve overlap
注对于自然吸气的柴油机，如果安装了涡轮增压器，气阀重叠期才会增加B 39．During warm-up，the expansion of valve stems due to engine heat is allowed for by the __ __.
A. valve spring
B. hydraulic governor
C. valve lash
D. cooling system
注在暖机期间，由于发动机的加热产生阀杆的膨胀在气阀间隙许可的范围内。C
40. In a diesel engine, the main bearings are used between the___.
A, connecting rod and the crankshaft
B, wrist pin and connecting rod
C, camshaft and the engine block
D, crankshaft and the engine block
注柴油机中，主轴承用于曲轴和机座之间。D
41.The relative air pressure in the inlet manifold of a turbocharged diesel engine is usually ____.
A.greater than the average exhaust manifold pressure
B.less than the average exhaust manifold pressure
C.greater at the turbine wheel than at the impeller
D.greater at reduced engine speed
注涡轮增压柴油机进气管空气的压力高于排气总管的平均压力。A
42. In an internal combustion engine, which of the devices listed will force the compression rings to seal the compression gases in the space above the piston?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,ed of bimetallic piston rings.
B.Ring gap pre-pensioning.
C.Thermal increase in ring-end clearance
轮机工程专
业 D.Gas pressure acting against the back of the ring
注 在内燃机里，燃气的密封是靠作用在活塞环背面的气体力来实现的。D
43. Black smoke exhausting from an auxiliary diesel engine can be caused by ____.
A.fuel dribbling from leaking fuel injector
B.burning fuel with a high carbon content
C.burning fuel with a high vanadium content
D.burning fuel with lower sulphur content
注 发动机超负荷会引起排温过高、排气冒黑烟。 A
44.In a jerk pump, the amount of fuel that will be forced through the spray nozzle on each upward stroke of the plunger depends on ____.
A.the pump supply pressure
B.the slope of the fuel cam
C.how the plunger is rotated
D.the number of sleeve segments engaged with the rack
注 高压油泵柱塞每个行程通过喷嘴的喷油量取决于如何转动柱塞。C
45. Turbocharged four-stroke/cycle diesel engines utilize valve overlap for ____.
A.improving cylinder scavenging
B.preheating the combustion chamber
C.reducing air charge density
D.preventing valve wear
注 四冲程涡轮增压柴油机利用气阀重叠可提高扫气。A
46.Diesel engine piston ring gaps can be straight or angle cut. In comparison , the angle cut ring_____.
A.allows piston ring expansion
B.controls piston ring tension
C.increase ring wearing quality
D.decreases combustion gas leakage
注 柴油机的活塞环的搭口有直切口或斜切口。相比较而言，斜切口活塞环能降低燃气泄漏。D
47.Turbulence of the compressed air charge in a diesel engine cylinder increases _____.
A.ignition lag
B.piston side thrust
C.efficiency of the engine
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pression pressure
注 进入柴油机气缸的压缩空气的紊乱增加柴油机的效率。 C
48. Telescopic pipes to the piston of a large slow-speed main propulsion diesel engine are designed to prevent ____.
A.excessive crankcase pressure
B.excessive lube oil temperature
C.contamination of the lube oil by water
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材
D.contamination of the cooling water by lube oil
注低速柴油机中，通向活塞的伸缩管用来防止滑油被冷却水污染。C
49. The shape of a cam on a diesel engine determines the valve's ____.
A.point of opening
B.speed of opening
C.lift from its seat
D.All of the above.
注柴油机凸轮的形状决定了阀的开启时间、速度和阀的升程。D
50. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder ____.
A. area times the stroke
B. area times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
C. volume times the stroke
D. volume times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
注发动机的排虽=气缸面积x活塞冲程×气缸数目。B
51.. A connecting rod in a four-stroke/cycle diesel engine is subject to ____.
A.tension load twice each crankshaft revolution
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pression load during power and compression strokes
C.inertia load once every four crankshaft revolutions
D.bending loads at bottom and top dead center
注四冲程柴油机连杆在作功和压缩过程中受压。B
52.The upper piston rings in large, slow-speed, two-stroke/cycle diesel engines are most effectively lubricated by oil ____.
A.fed from mechanical lubricators
B.thrown off from the main bearings
C.supplied from wick fed drip lubricators(灯芯式滴油注油器)
D.flow from a centrifugal or banjo oiler(放射管加油器)
注大型低速二冲程柴油机的上半部分的活塞环是由机械注油器供应的油来润滑的。A
53. By which of the following disadvantages are cylinder linings constructed as an integral part of the block characterized ?
A.They conduct heat poorly
B.They are expensive.
C.They cannot be replaced.
D.They require special tools for removal. 注将气缸套和气缸体制造成一个整体，其缺点是不能更换。C
54.The main function of tie gods in the construction of large,low speed diesel engines is to ____.
A.stiffen the bedplate in way of the main bearings to increase the engine's longitudinal(纵向的) strength
轮机工程专
业
B.accept most of the tensile (张力的或拉力的)loading that results from the firing forces developed during operation
C.mount the engine frame securely to the hull to prevent shaft coupling
misalignment(失中)
D.connect the crosshead solidly (坚固地)to the piston rod 注 大型低速柴油机中贯穿螺栓的主要作用是承受发动机运行期间由于气缸内的爆炸力而产生的张力。B
55.The power developed by a large slow-speed main propulsion diesel engine is dependent upon the ____.
A.quantity of air it takes in and retains in the cylinders during a given time period
B.proportion of trapped air that is utilized in the combustion process
C.thermodynamic efficiency of the engine cycle
D.All of the above.
注 大型低速主机发出的功率取决于在规定时间内的进气量、参加燃烧的空气量和循环的热效率。D
56.Which of the following construction techniques is used on new piston rings to facilitate run-in or seating?
A.Special ring facings , such as a thin bearing surface of anti-friction metal.
B.The oil control ring face is machined at an angle of 10 degrees.
C.The ring diameter , when free , is machined slightly smaller than than the cylinder bore to allow for expansion at high combustion temperatures.
D.Oil control rings maintain continuous oil film.
注 下面那个建造技术使用于新活塞环促进磨合或安装？特殊的环表面，例如薄的耐磨金属承受表面。A
57.The cylinder liner forming the cylinder wall and the inside of the water jacket is called a ____.
A. dry liner
B. wet liner
C. jacket liner
D. corrugated liner 注 气缸套的外表面与冷却水直接接触叫湿式缸套。B
58.The main function of piston compression rings is to ____.
A.prevent excessive cylinder liner wear
B.reduce friction losses in the engine
C.seal the space between the piston and the liner
D.limit upward flow of lube oil into the combustion space
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材注压缩环的主要作用是密封活塞和缸套。C
59.***Compared to four-stroke/cycle engines, two-stroke/cycle diesel engines have the disadvantage of ____.
A.less even torque
B. higher cylinder head temperatures
C.fewer power strokes per revolution
D.greater weight/size requirements
注与四冲程柴油机相比，二冲程柴油机的缺点是缸盖温度较高。B
60.Clearance volume scavenging in a turbocharged, four-stroke/cycle diesel engine is accomplished____.
A.during the valve overlap period R with only the exhaust valve open
C.at a pressure below atmospheric D without cooling the cylinders or pistons 注在增压四冲程柴油机中，气缸余隙容积的扫气是在气阀重叠期间完成的。A
61.In a diesel engine, the time taken to heat the fuel particles, turn them into vapor, and bring about combustion is called ____.
A.injection lag
B.ignition delay
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pression
D.turbulence lag
注在柴油机里，将燃油颗粒加热变成油蒸气，进而发生燃烧所用的时间叫滞燃期。B
62.What is the meaning of the term “valve clearance”?
A.The clearance between the rocker arm and valve push-rod.
B.The clearance between the valve spindle disc and seat.
C.The clearance between the rocker arm and camshaft push-rod.
D.The clearance between the rocker arm and valve push-rod in either warm or cold state.
注气阀间隙是指摇臂和阀杆之间的间隙（严谨的说：在冷态cold state测量）。A
63.The meaning of lapping a valve and valve seat is ______.
A.grind the valve against the valve seat to obtain a uniform sealing valves
B.repair by welding
C.adjust the overlapping of the inlet and exhaust valves
D.machining the valve in a lathe machine
注阀和阀座之间的研磨是指阀和阀座研磨获得一致的密封面。A （良好的阀面线密封)
64.Why do many engine makers recommend to grind the valve spindle sealing surface
轮机工程专
业 with a half degree difference to the valve seat?
A.To avoid sticking between valve and seat during high load operation.
B.To minimize heat transfer between seat and housing .
C.To improve the sealing surface between valve and seat during operation of the engine (compensate for the bending of the valve disc caused by combustion pressure).
D.To compensate for the heat expansion.
注 主机制造者建议在研磨阀线宽度阀的是阀座的一半，为了在主机运行期间提高阀和阀座之间的密封（补偿因为燃烧压力造成的阀盘变弯）。C
65.What is the purpose of the cylinder head safety valve?
A.To adjust the cylinder pressure to a safe working pressure
B.A valve for safety stop(emergency ) of the engine.
C.For indication of engine being overloaded.
D.To relieve excessive high pressure in the cylinder to protect the engine from being damaged.
注 气缸盖安全阀的作用是释放气缸内过高的压力以保护其不被损坏。D
66.Some engine makers use a copper gasket for proper sealing between fuel injector valve , cylinder head and combustion chamber . Why is it so important to use the correct one?
A.To keep the valve in correct position and to maintain proper sealing.
B.For proper sealing function.
C.To avoid combustion gas to overheat the valve.
D.To keep the valve in correct position only.
注 一些主机制造者在油头，气缸盖和燃烧室之间使用铜垫片密封，一个重要的原因是能保证阀的正确位置并且维持合适的密封。A
67.Is it recommended to adjust the spring tension on the fuel valves during operation to achieve?
A.Equal cylinder pressures.
B.To improve the fuel atomizing.
C.Not recommended at all.
D.Exhaust temperatures in line (equal temperatures)
注 在运行期间根据什么建议调整油头弹簧张力。（答案为全都不建议）。C
68.The starting air valve is fitted for the purpose of ______.
A.bringing the engine up to sufficient number of revolutions for combustion to take place and engine to run.
B.turning the engine for starting for starting preparations
C.bringing the engine up to full rotational speed to start the engine
D.retarding the engine revolution for manoeuvring purpose
注 安装启动空气阀的目的是使柴油机达到足够的发火转速从而正常运转。A
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材69.What is the purpose of the engine crankcase door’s relief valves?
A.To release pressure in crankcase explosion .
B.To release pressure from stuffing box leakage.
C.To avoid hot spots in crankcase .
D.To release pressure in crankcase .
注曲轴箱道门的安全阀的作用是释放曲轴箱爆炸的压力。A
70.According to the principle of four-stroke diesel engine, how many work strokes are there per revolution?
A.1/2.
B.1.
C.2
D.3.
注根据四冲程柴油机原理，每转一转有效冲程的数目是什么?A
71.According to the principle of two-stroke diesel engine, how many work strokes are there per revolution?
A.1/2.
B.1.
C.2
D.3.
注根据二冲程柴油机原理，每转一转有效冲程的数目是什么?B
72.In the two-stroke diesel engine, it is designed so that the oil impingement is timed to proceed only on the piston ring belt during ____.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pression stroke
B.suction stroke
C.expansion stroke
D.exhaust stroke 注二冲程柴油机，设计成定时注入滑油，以便油只在压缩冲程射到活塞环带上。A
73.In heavy marine engine the practice is to drive the engine on ____ which has previously been stored in starting air reservoirs.
A.electric motor
B.hydraulic motor
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pressed air
D.turning gear
注实际上，中型船用柴油机是靠事先储存在启动空气瓶的压缩空气启动的。C
74.In a four stroke engine, which process lasts the longest period?
A.Exhaust and suction process.
B.Suction and compression process.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,bustion and exhaust process.
D.Working and exhaust process.
注四冲程柴油机，哪个行程持续时间最常?A
75.Propulsion engines and the vast majority of auxiliary generator engines are designed to allow a generous through-flow of scavenge air in order to control ____.
A.the lubricating oil consumption
B.the turbine blade（涡轮机叶片）temperature
C the flow rate of fuel
D.scavenge air pressure
注主机和大部分发电机设计时允许大量的扫气空气进入气缸，目的是控制涡轮
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机叶片的温度。B 76.During engine starting, the compressed air is admitted to each cylinder through a cam operated starting air valve when the piston has just passed its ____.
A.BDC
B.TDC
C.BBDC
D.ATDC 注 当活塞剐刚经过上止点时，压缩空气通过凸轮驱动的启动空气阀进入到气缸。B
77.The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expand and force the engine piston to do work on the ____ which in turn drives the ship's propeller.
A.crank-pin
B.crankshaft
C.crankcase
D.camshaft
注 发动机的活塞作功在曲轴上，再依次通过其他轴来驱动船舶的螺旋桨。B
78.In four strokes engine, the cycle of events is completed in four strokes of ____.
A.the cylinder
B.the crankshaft
C.the piston
D.the cross-head 注 四冲程柴油机中，工作循环是由活塞的四个冲程来完成的。C
79.The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston ____,with the air inlet ports or scavenge ports in die sides of the cylinder being opened.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,ing down from the BDC
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,ing up from the BDC
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,ing down from the TDC
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,ing up from the TDC
注 二冲程循环开始工作时，活塞从下止点上行，同时扫气口处于开启状态。B
80.The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its stroke, with ____ in the sides of the cylinder being opened.
A.scavenge ports
B.inlet valves
C.air starting valves
D.exhaust valves 注 二冲程循环开始工作时，活塞从下止点上行，同时扫气口处于开启状态。A
81.The ignition of the fuel in diesel engine is caused by the ____ of compression of the air previously admitted into the cylinders.
A.vacuum pressure
B.specific gravity(比重)
C.heat
D.viscosity
注 发动机中，燃油的发火是由先前进入到气缸的空气的压缩热量引起的。C
82. The main moving parts of a diesel engine consist of the ____ and the pistons.
A.bedplate, connecting rods
B.crankshaft, the connecting rods,the crossheads
C.frames, crossheads
D.crankshaft, the cylinder
注 发动机的主要运动部件由曲轴、连杆和活塞等组成。B
83.In the four-stroke engine, it takes ____ to make one power stroke.
A.one propulsion
B.two propulsions
C.two revolutions
D.one revolution
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材注四冲程机中，产生一个作功冲程，曲轴需要转两转。C
84.The crosshead and crankpin bearing are secured to the ______by means of fitted bolt.
A.crosshead guides
B.piston rod
C.crosshead shoes
D.connecting rod
注十字头和曲柄销轴承是通过服配螺栓被固定在连杆。D
85.The space between cylinder liner and jacket is called ____.
A.the circulating tank
B.the scavenge box
C.the cooling water space
D.the cooler
注缸套和冷却水套之间的空间是冷却水空间。C
86.The pistons of high output engines are often made in two pieces ____ together to form precisely shaped cooling chambers.
A.screwed
B.bolted
C.welded
D.shrunk
注大功率发动机的活塞是由两部分组成的，该两部分用螺栓连成一体，形成合适形状的冷却腔。B
87.The operation between two fuel injections is called a ____.
A. turning cycle
B.working cycle
C.working hour D working stroke
注两次燃油喷射之间的运行被称作一个工作循环。B
88.When the starting air valve closes on one cylinder, another starting air valve has ____ opened on another cylinder whose piston has just commenced its downward stroke.
A. just
B. nearly
C. merely
D. already
注当某个气缸的空气启动阀关闭的时候，另一个气缸的空气启动阀已经打开，该缸的活塞正开始其下行冲程。D
89. In the two-stroke engine the crankshaft is connected with ____ by means of the connecting rod.
A.the stuffing box
B.the piston
C.cross-head
D.guide plate
注在二冲程柴油机中，曲轴通过连杆与十字头相连。C
90.During the suction stroke, the piston is moving ____.
A. inwards
B.outwards
C.downwards
D.upwards
注吸气冲程期间，活塞下行。C
91.Charging is the filling of the engine cylinder with a supply of _____for compression.
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A. water
B.fresh air
C.fuel oil D, gas 注 发动机气缸充气是指向气缸注入一股新鲜空气以备压缩。B
92.The energy for pushing this piston up can be supplied from ____,so that the piston
can keep moving up and down. A.the same piston B.the piston nearby C.the other pistons D.the generators on board
注 推动活塞向上的能量可由其他活塞来提供，这样活塞能保持上下运动。C 93.The fresh air coming in through the inner air ports, is compressed by ____ to a higher pressure.
A.the cylinder head
B.the cross-head
C.the moving piston
D.the stationary piston
注 通过内部的气口，新鲜空气进入到气缸，然后被运动的活塞压缩到很高的压力。C
94. The cylinder is fitted with internal liner so that a water space is left ____ the liner and the outer wall.
A. around
B. among
C. in
D. between
注 气缸装有内部衬套，这样缸套和气缸外壁之间便形成了冷却空间。D
95.The process of loop scavenge is that the exhaust will be via ports ____ the air ports and controlled by the same piston.
A.behind
B.far from
C.adjacent to(邻近的)
D.in from of
注 回流扫气方式中，废气经过与扫气口相邻的排气口，扫气口和排气口由同一活塞来控制。C
96.In the suction stroke air is induced into the cylinder ____. In the compression stroke the air is compressed
A.by an fuel valve
B.through an inlet valve
C.with an exhaust valve
D.from an outlet valve
注 在吸气冲程中，空气通过进气阀被吸入到气缸。压缩冲程时，空气被压缩。B
97.A charging of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and then ______by the moving piston ______very high pressure.
A.pressed /to
B.pressurized /with
C.pushed/in
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,pressed /to
注 进入气缸的新鲜空气被移动的活塞压缩产生高压。D
98.The cylinder head, cylinder liner and ____ form the combustion chamber.
A. frame
B.piston
C.crankcase
D.explosion plate
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材注气缸盖、缸套和活塞构成燃烧室。B
99.____ pistons have low inertia and high coefficient of thermal expansion.
A.Castiron（铸铁）
B.Cast steel（铸钢）
C.Forged steel（锻钢）
D.Aluminum（铝）
注铝质活塞具有惯性小（重量轻）、热膨胀系数大的特点。D
100.____ usually helps to induce air movement to assist combustion.
A.Cylinder cover
B.Main bearing
C.The exhaust valve
D.The piston movement
注活塞的运动有助于空气在气缸中流动，以利燃烧。D
101. At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called ____.
A. cylinder liner
B.cylinder cover
C.the gear box
D.the scavenging box
注A字架的顶部有一个铸铁架，即扫气箱。D
102.The bearing shell generally has ____ for location and oil grooves round the center of its axial length.
A.tips(倾斜)
B.tags(标记)
C.lips(嘴唇或唇缘)
D.keys(键)
注轴瓦一般都有定位卡舌。B
103.The bearing shells depend on the accuracy of ____ to held them in a truly circular shape.
A.the gap
B.the clearance
C.the bore
D.the homing
注轴瓦依赖于轴承孔的精确度，以保证其正确的圆度。C
104.The two halves of connecting rod large end bearing are held together by ____.
A.bridges
B.tap bolts（六角头螺钉）
C.jack bolts(定位螺栓)
D.shims（薄垫片）
注连杆大端轴承的两个轴瓦通过轴承盖连成一体。A
105. Generally the gudgeon pin is fully floating in both connecting rod small end and ____.
A.the crosshead
B.the crankshaft
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,rge end
D.the piston bosses
注一般地说，活塞销在连杆小端和活塞销座端都是全浮动式的。D
106.The gudgeon pin is carried in ____ in the piston skirt.
A.the bearing
B.the crosshead
C.bosses(轮毂)
D.bridges
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注 活塞销坐落在活塞裙的销座上。C 107. Pistons may be made in ____ in order to keep the weight down for balancing purposes at high speed
A.cast iron
B.forged steel
C.stainless steel
D.aluminum alloy 注 活塞可由铝合金制造，以减轻重量，保持高速时的平衡性能。D 108.The rim of the piston may contain cut-out portions to accommodate ____ when they open.
A.the gases
B.the air
C.the valves
D.the injectors
注 中速机的活塞头区域具有避阀坑，当气阀开启时，用来容纳气阀。C
109.The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high pressure air in a ____.
A.air bottle
B.air compressor
C.crank case
https://www.doczj.com/doc/061527048.html,bustion chamber 注 柴油机是一种内燃机，燃油喷射进入燃烧室内高温高压的空气，并被引燃(combusing chamber=combustion space)。D
110.The cooling oil is usually supplied to the pistons by means of ____ connected to the crosshead
A.injectors
B.pumps
C.telescopic pipes
D.guideways
注 冷却油通过伸缩管供应到活塞十字头。C
111.The bedplate is of fabricated design and consists of two I-shaped longitudinal girders with transverse members into which the east steel bearing housing are welded. What's the meaning of "members" in the sentence above?
A. Bed-plates
B. Girders
C.Bearing housings
D.Designs
注 机座是结构钢设计。由两根带有横梁的“工”字形纵梁组成，在横梁上焊接了铸铁的 轴承座。显然，句中“members"指的是“girders ”。 B
112.The bed-plate is secured in the longitudinal direction by means of bolts known as____
A. end-chock bolts
B. side-chock bolts
C. through bolts
D. tie rods
注 机座在纵向是通过所谓的端锲螺栓来固定的。A
113.The position of ____ on the cross-head is determined by dowel pins.
A. grooves
B. piston tings
C. piston skirts
D. cross-head shoes
注 十字头滑块在十字头上的位置由定位销来决定。D
114.The piston rods are bored from the top flange to a point opposite the centre of ____.
A.the main bearing
B.the crankshaft
C.the dowel pin
D.the
中华人民共和国海船船员适任考试·同步辅导教材crosshead
注活塞杆从顶部法兰到十字头中心相应一处是空心的。D
115.The operation between two fuel injections is called a ____，which consists of a fixed sequence of events.
A. turning cycle
B.working cycle
C.working hour D working stroke
注两次燃油喷射之间的运行被称作一个工作循环。B
116.The _____is / are mounted on and bolted to the bedplate cross girders.
A.crankshaft
B.guide-ways
C.crankcase
D.frames
注机架安装并用螺栓固定在机座的横梁上。D
117.In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as ____.
A.scavenging air ports
B.exhaust ports
C.fuel valves
D.indicator cocks 注在扫气箱内的气缸套部分，有一系列的气口，即所谓的扫气口。A
118.The sealing rings are in four parts and pressed together around the piston rods by means of ____.
A.nuts
B.bolts
C.coil springs(卷簧或盘簧)
D.stuffing boxes
注密封环由四部分组成，通过开口弹簧沿活塞杆压紧。C
119.Although the crankshafts of medium diesel engines appear to be robust , they rely on the support of the _______to develop their full strength.
A.piston rods
B.thrust bearings
C.main bearings
D.crank throws
注中速柴油机的曲轴显得很强劲，他们依靠主轴承支撑全部力。C
120.***A main bearing consists of two shells which are secured by means of studs and ____.
A.tie rods
B.through bolts
C.1ead wires
D.bearing caps
注主轴承由两个轴瓦组成，轴瓦由双头螺栓和轴承盖来固定。D
121.In each cylinder cover there are two or three holes for ____.
A.the exhaust valves
B.the fuel valves
C.indicator cocks
D.the fuel pumps
注某些发动机的每个气缸盖上，有两三个开口，用来安装油头。B
122.On top of scavenging air box is mounted a strong cast iron frame for each cylinder known as ____.
A.cooling jacket
B.cylinder liner
C.piston crown
D.cylinder cover 注在扫气箱的顶部，安装了一个坚固的铸铁架，即冷却水套。A
轮机工程专
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A.chain transmission
B.machine-turned liners
C.fuel valves
D.vertical flanges
注 扫气箱由几个分段部件组成，这些分段部件装有垂直法兰，使得它们能用螺栓连接起来形成两组。D
124.In each cylinder cover is a large central opening for mounting ____.
A.the indicating cock
B.the starting valve
C.air inlet valve
D.the exhaust valve
注 在每个气缸盖上的中央，有一个大的开口，用来安装排气阀。D
125.A-frames and cylinder block is held together by ____ to form a rigid structure.
A.tap-bolts
B.jack-bolts
C.tie rods
D.fitted rods
注 机座、A 字架和气缸体通过贯穿螺栓连接成一体。C
126.____ is secured by means of side-chock bolts and end-chock bolts.
A.The bedplate(机座)
B.the column （机架）
C.The main bearing(主轴承)
D.The double bottom(双层底) 注 机座分别通过侧楔和端楔螺栓（与底座）固定。A
127.The lowest ring of a piston is ____.
A.a coil spring(卷簧)
B.a sealing ring(密封环)
C.an oil distributor ring(布油环)
D.main seal ring(主密封环)
注 最下面的一道活塞环是布油环。C
128.A single piece of ______fitted with bronze rings guides the piston in the cylinder liner.
A.piston skirt
B.guide-way
C.piston crown
D.crosshead
注 活塞裙安装一道青铜环（承磨环）引导活塞在气缸（运动）。A
129.The _____for the camshaft gear train is taken from a spur gear which for a six-cylinder engine is at the coupling end.
A.driven gear
B.grease
C.drive
D.lubricating oil
注 一个六缸主机连接端用直齿轮来齿轮传动驱动曲轴。C
130.*The gas loads on the engine structure are constrained by means of hydraulically preloaded which connect the bed plate, frame sections and cylinder jackets into a single unit.